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27 Cards in this Set
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Any violation of norms - can be minor, serious,or humorous - it is not the act itself but reactions to the act that make something deviant |
Deviance |
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The violation of rules that have been written into law - in extreme an act that is applauded by one group may be so despised by Anthony group that is punishable by death |
Crime |
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Blemishes that discredit a persons claim to normal - refer to characteristics that discredit people -included are involuntary membership such as being a victim of AIDS or the brother of a rapist - can be the masters status |
Stigma |
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An expression of disapproval for breaching a norm ranging from mild, informal reactions such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a fine or a prison sentence - expressions of disapproval for deviance |
Negative sanction |
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An expression of approval for following a norm range from a smile or a good grade in class to material reward such as a prize - reward people for confirming to norms |
Positive sanction |
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- from the different groups we associate with, we learn to deviate from or conform to society’s norms - indicate that people who associate with some group learns an excess of definitions of deviance increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant - symbolic |
Differential association |
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- the view that labels people are given affect their own and others perceptions of them thus channeling their behavior into either deviance or conformity -the significance of reputation show reputations or labels help set us on paths that propel us into deviance or divert us away from it -symbolic |
Labeling theory |
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Ways of thinking or rationalizing that help people deflect society’s norms - denial of responsibility/ denial of injury/ denial of a victim/ condemnation of the condemners/ appeal to higher loyalties |
Techniques of neutralization |
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The strain engendered when a society socializes large numbers of people to desire a cultural goal but withholds from some of the approved means of reaching that goal; one adaptation to the strain is crime , the choice of an innovative means to attain the cultural goal |
Strain theory |
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Refer to crimes that people of respectable and high social status commit in the course of their occupation Bribery embezzlement false advertising price fixing |
White collar crimes |
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Differential association |
Symbolic |
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Symbolic - the idea that 2 controls ( inner and outer) work against our tendencies to deviate The stronger our bonds are with society the more effective our inner controls are Bonds based on attachments commitments involvements and beliefs - self control |
Control theory |
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Labeling theory |
Symbolic |
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Techniques of neutralization |
Symbolic |
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Social strain theory |
Functionalist |
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Pier elites developed the legal system which is used to stabilize the social order Use it to control the poor who pose a threat to the powerful Criminal justice system makes certain that heavy penalties come down in the poor |
Conflict theory |
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Close to half of all prisoners are younger than 35 Almost all prisoners are men More African American than white African 1/9 Latinos 1/26 White 1/100 Half prisoners have never mariedy |
Demographic of prison |
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Refer to the strain people experience when they are blocked in their attempts to achieve those goals |
Anomie |
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Using illegitimate means to achieve them |
Innovative |
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Giving up in achieving cultural goals but clinging to conventional rules of conduct |
Ritualism |
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Seeking to replace society’s goals |
Rebellion |
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Rejecting cultural goals dropping out |
Retreatism |
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Deterrence Rehabilitation Incapacitation Retribution Restitution |
Purposes of punishment |
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10-20 yrs Rehab Incapacitated Deterrence Focus on offender After minimum they meet with parole board . Demonstrates they have rehabilitated How long they stay in prison is up to them by their actions |
Indeterminate |
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Fixed length sentence 20 yrs Doesn’t matter what the offender does Focus is on the offense Retribution Deterrence Incapacitated |
Determinate |
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Took the judges discretion |
Mandatory sentences |
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Adding to their sentences |
Enhancements |
