Sociology 7-10

Front 1

According to ________, the universality of stratification can be explained by the necessity to motivate the most qualified people to fill the more important and demanding positions in a society.

Back 1

Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore

Front 2

A major means by which neocolonialists maintain global stratification is:

Back 2

debt, with ever mounting interest

Front 3

Two basic reasons why poor nations remain at the bottom of the world stratification are:

Back 3

the existence of neocolonialism and the influence of multinational corporations.

Front 4

The Maquiladoras are

Back 4

assembly-for-export factories along the Mexican border.

Front 5

Gerhard Lenski argues that the the functionalist view of stratification applies only to societies that:

Back 5

only have minimal resources without accumulated wealth

Front 6

World systems theory states that some nations grew economically dependent on trade with the Most Industrialized Nations such as Britain, France and Germany. These dependent nations were what Wallerstein called ________.

Back 6

semiperiphery nations

Front 7

The primary way by which the class system of England is maintained from one generation to the next is through ________.

Back 7

education

Front 8

In the opening passage that described the differences between the selected Ethiopian family and American family, the differences could be best explained by:

Back 8

the difference in life chances to which each family was exposed.

Front 9

With regard to political views, Gerhard Lenski discovered that individuals who suffer status inconsistency are more likely to be ________.

Back 9

radical

Front 10

Based on the account of Terry Takewell's illness and his admission to a Tennessee hospital, it can be concluded that

Back 10

medical care is a commodity sold to those who can afford it.

Front 11

According to ________ theorists, the purpose of the welfare system is to maintain an army of reserve workers.

Back 11

conflict

Front 12

A profile of their personal qualities would reveal that most U.S. presidents come from a group of:

Back 12

millionaire white men from old money families

Front 13

C. Wright Mills coined the term ________ to refer to the collection of people who make the big decisions in U.S. society.

Back 13

power elite

Front 14

About one out of every six white children live in poverty as well as one out of three Latino and African American children. Combined with a half million Asian American and 300,000 Native American children in poverty, this adds up to a total of approximately ________ children living in poverty in the United States.

Back 14

15 million

Front 15

The meaning of race:

Back 15

varies, depending upon the society in which its meaning is constructed.

Front 16

biological characteristics that distinguish one group from another.

Back 16

race

Front 17

cultural characteristics that distinguish one group from another.

Back 17

ethnicity

Front 18

The greatest number of Latinos in the United States trace their heritage to ________.

Back 18

Mexico

Front 19

Groups of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination were referred to as ________ by sociologist Louis Wirth

Back 19

minority groups

Front 20

The physical anthropologist who pointed out that there are as few as two races according to some typologies and as many as 2,000 in others, while he himself classified humans into forty racial groups was

Back 20

Ashley Montagu

Front 21

Female circumcision is a custom in some societies. Feminists believe that this practice is:

Back 21

a form of ritual torture to control female sexuality.

Front 22

During the 1960s, the "second wave" of feminism emerged as larger numbers of women began to work. One contributing factor to this re-emergence of feminism was ________.

Back 22

the shift in women's reference group

Front 23

When men were employed in occupations traditionally considered women's occupations, sociologist Christine Williams found that these men:

Back 23

climbed a "glass escalator" and were promoted quickly

Front 24

According to world system theory, England, one of the nations in which industrial capitalism first developed, is a ________ nation.

Back 24

semiperiphery

Front 25

In the late 18th and early 19th century, the white colonists who had already settled in America viewed immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from their own as being ________.

Back 25

white ethnics

Front 26

The opening passage to the chapter discusses activity that ocurred at Miss Rivers' Lodge. The Lodge was:

Back 26

a free health clinic African American men joined at Tuskeegee University.

Front 27

Carol Moseley-Braun has the distinction as being the first

Back 27

African American woman elected to the United States Senate.

Front 28

According to Gaetano Mosca, every society is stratified by ________ to ensure that society's work gets done.

Back 28

power

Front 29

How a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage refers to ________.

Back 29

internal colonialism

Front 30

When the United Fruit Company controlled national and local politics in Central America, its interests were protected by:

Back 30

a detail of United States Marines waiting off shore

Front 31

In 1790 the Continental Congress passed the Naturalization Act which declared ________ could apply for citizenship.

Back 31

only white immigrants

Front 32

The argument that some nations are held back economically because they develop a set of values and beliefs that reinforce their inability to succeed was called the ________ by John Kenneth Galbraith.

Back 32

culture of poverty

Front 33

The practice of ________ requires a group to marry within its own group and prohibits intermarriage between groups.

Back 33

endogamy

Front 34

In ancient Greece, slavery was based on ________, ________, and ________.

Back 34

debt, crime, war

Front 35

The ________ Model classifies nations based on their economy being capitalistic and industrialized, a communistic form of government, or a third class that did not fit into the other two

Back 35

three world

Front 36

Although property is the major source of power, prestige can also lead to power. The example in the textbook of the entertainer who used his prestige to advance to a top political office was ________.

Back 36

Ronald Reagan

Front 37

Although it was officially abolished in 1949, the nation that still maintains a model caste system based on 3,000 years of tradition is ________.

Back 37

India

Front 38

In the functionalist perspective, the creation of a society based upon an emphasis on qualifications and rank would be called a ________.

Back 38

meritocracy

Front 39

The Pacific Rim nations that have developed a strong capital base and are a threat to older capitalist nations are nicknamed the ________.

Back 39

Asian tigers

Front 40

The term coined by C. Wright Mills that refers to those who make the big decisions in U.S. society is the ________.

Back 40

power elite

Front 41

A form of social mobility that results in about the same number of people moving up and down the social class ladder that creates little change in the social class system is called ________.

Back 41

exchange mobility

Front 42

The explanation for poverty that focuses on ________ contributes the cause of poverty to a person's decision to drop out of school, women bearing children in their teenage years, and women bearing more children than they can adequately support.

Back 42

characteristics of individuals

Front 43

The term coined by Harrington and Lewis that refers to a set of values and behavior that are largely responsible for the continued long-term poverty of certain groups is the ________.

Back 43

culture of poverty

Front 44

The three major causes of the feminization of poverty are ________, ________, and ________.

Back 44

divorce, births to single women, lower wages paid to women

Front 45

The state with the highest Latino population is ________.

Back 45

California

Front 46

Tony takes great pride in his Italian-American heritage. He flies an Italian flag at his home, cooks Italian meals for his friends, is the Grand Knight of the Knights of Columbus, and uses Italian words and phrases in common conversation. This manner in which Tony is constructing his identity is referred to by sociologists as ________.

Back 46

ethnic work

Front 47

Dividing workers along racial, ethnic, or gender lines for the purpose of enhancing capitalist bargaining power is a technique referred to as the ________.

Back 47

split labor market

Front 48

In 1989, ________ became the nation's first elected African American governor.

Back 48

L. Douglas wilder

Front 49

In the late 18th century, European immigrants whose language and customs differed from those of the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants that had already settled in the colonies were referred to as ________.

Back 49

white ethnics

Front 50

Sex is based upon ________ characteristics that distinguish males from females, while gender refers to a ________ characteristic.

Back 50

biological, social

Front 51

A theory of aging that emphasizes an easier transition to retirement when people have multiple roles, higher social class, and greater resources to meet the challenges of old age is ________.

Back 51

continuity theory

Front 52

The consequences of so many women joining the ranks of paid labor is referred to by sociologists as the ________.

Back 52

quiet revolution

Front 53

Slavery, the ownership of some people by others, is least common in the hunting and gathering society and most common in the ________ society.

Back 53

agricultural

Front 54

A trend in U.S. poverty whereby most poor families are headed by women is referred to as the ________.

Back 54

feminism of poverty

Front 55

The explanation for poverty that sociologists prefer focuses on ________ which stresses the features of society deny some people to education, job skills, and employment opportunities.

Back 55

social structure

Front 56

In 1916 a group of feminists, then known as ________ formed the National Women's Party.

Back 56

suffragists

Front 57

According to the class typologies developed by Joseph Kahl and Dennis Gilbert, the largest of the six classes is the ________ class.

Back 57

lower middle

Front 58

The term ________ refers to the increasing proportion of older people in the U.S. population.

Back 58

graying of america

Front 59

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act limits the amount of time most people can collect welfare payments to ________ years.

Back 59

5

Front 60

True or False: The Least Industrialized Nations contain the majority of the world's population, and about half the world's land.

Back 60

True

Front 61

True or False: The research of Fuller and Schoenberger demonstrated that when women participate in college internships and are clearly more qualified than men, women will earn higher salaries than men.

Back 61

False

Front 62

True or False: In regards to mental health treatment, members of the upper classes are more likely to receive expensive "drug therapy" that makes them docile and calm and the poor are more likely to receive the less effective "talk therapy" that is less expensive.

Back 62

False

Front 63

The three systems of stratification include:

Back 63

slavery, caste, class

Front 64

process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting the labor and natural resources of the conquered land

Back 64

colonization

Front 65

Why don't colonized countries develop?

Back 65

All the money goes to the mother country

Front 66

Who claimed that every society must make certain that positions are filled. To motivate the more qualified to fill these positions, society must offer greater rewards.

Back 66

Davis and Moore