Sociology 101

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Common Sense Knowledge

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Guides everyday contact into everyday life. Can be a myth.

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Consumer Society

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A society in which discretionary consumption is a mass phenomenon among people across diverse income catergories

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Sociology

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Systematic study of human society and social interaction

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Systematic Study

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When sociologists use both theoretical perspectives and research methods to examine social behavior

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Society

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Is a large social grouping that shared the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural experiences

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Global Independence

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Relationship in which lived of all people are intertwined closely and any one nations problems are part of a larger global problem

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Myth

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Is a popular but false notation that may be used intentionally or unintentionally to perpetuate certain beliefs or theories even in light of conclusive evidence

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Value Free

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Without distorting subjective bias.

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Subjective

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Is a personal perspective, free living (Bias free living)

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Consumption

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is also referred to the "see want borrow process", which is a comparative process in which desire is structured by what we see around us.

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George Ritzer

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Sociologist who came up with the idea of consumption and why Americans are in so much credit card debt

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Sociological Imagination

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the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.

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C. Wright Mills

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sociologist who came up with the idea of Sociological imagination

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Personal Troubles

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Private problems that affect individuals and the networks of people with they regularly associate.

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Public Issues

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Are problems that affect large numbers of people and often require solutions on the societal level

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Race

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Term used to specify groups of people who are distinguished by physical characteristics such as skin color, there are no "Pure" racial types

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Ethnicity

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Refers to the culture/ heritage or identity of a group and is based on factors such as language or country of orgin

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Class

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relative location of a person or group within a larger society

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Sex

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biological and anatomical differences between males and females

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Gender

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beliefs, meanings and practices associated with sex differences, referred to as femminity and masculinity

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High Income Countries

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(industrial countries) nations with highly industrialized economies, technology advanced administrative and service occupations and relatively high levels of national and personal income

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Middle Income Countries

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(Developing Countries) Nations with industrializing economics and moderate levels or national and personal income

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Low Income Countries

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(Underdeveloped Countries) nations with little industrialization and low levels of national and personal income.

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Auguste Comte

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Coined the term "sociology"
Father of sociology

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Herbert Spencer

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Contributed an evolutionary perspective to sociology . Sociology is developed through a process of "struggle"

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Social Darwinism

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The belief that those species of animals, including humans best adapted to their environment survive and prosper, where as poorly adapted species die out

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Durkheim

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People are the product of their social environment. Limits of human potential are socially based not biologically based.

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Social Facts

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Patterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each person

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Anomie

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Condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society

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Karl Marx

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history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas. Class conflict is needed in order to produce social charge.

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Commodities

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Products workers to produce

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Fetishism of Commodities

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When workers fail to recognize that their labor gives their community its value

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Max Weber

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Verstehen- Understanding or insight that sociologists should employ

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Rationalization

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modern world thats come to be increasingly dominated by structures devoted to efficiency and technological control

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George Simmel

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Classified groups in two divisions, developed formal sociology
Triad and Biad, the biad is the least effective.

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Formal Sociology

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focuses attention on the universal recurring social forms that underlie the varying contact of social interacion

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Jane Adams

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Founded Hull House

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W.E.B DuBois

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Founded second department of sociology in U.s. Coming from different ethnic backgrounds

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Harriet Martineau

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Tranlated Augusas work, Gender and Equality

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Industrialization

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the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country, etc.

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Urbanization

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the act or fact of urbanizing, or taking on the characteristics of a city

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Functionalism

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a theoretical orientation that views society as a system of interdependent parts whose functions contribute to the stability and survival of the system.

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Symbolic Interactionism

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.a theory that human interaction and communication is facilitated by words, gestures, and other symbols that have acquired conventionalized meanings.

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Postmodernism

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any of a number of trends or movements in the arts and literature developing in the 1970s in reaction to or rejection of the dogma, principles, or practices of established modernism