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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
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micro-level theory
*shared meanings, orientations and assumptions form the basic motivation behind peoples actions |
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FEMINIST THEORY
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emphasis on womens experiences and the belief that sociology and society in general subordinate women
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POSTMODERISM
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examines how shared meanings have erroded
no one version of history is correct deconstruction |
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ERVING GOFFMAN
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Drematurgical theory
frontstage/backstage behaviors |
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RESEARCH METHODS
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approaches that social scientist use for investigating the answers to questions
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QUANTITATIVE
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methods that seek to obtain information about the social worl that is already in or can be converted to number form
-surveys |
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QUALITATIVE
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cannot be converted into numbers
-participation observation -open ended interview |
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DEDUCTIVE APPROACH
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starts with a theory-hypothesis-empirical observations-analyzes
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INDUCTIVE APPROACH
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starts with empirical observation and then works to form a theory
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CAUSALITY
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notion that a change in factor results in a corresponding change in another
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CORRELATION
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simultaneous variation in two variables
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DEPENDENT VARIABLES
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the outcome the researcher is trying to explain
Y-EFFECT |
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INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
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a measured factor that the researcher believes has a casual impact on the dependent variable
X-CAUSE |
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GEORG SIMMEL
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Formal Sociology: sociology of pure #s
there is a fundemental difference between a group of 2 vs a group of 3 or more |
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SOCIAL ECOLOGY
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Chicago school
humans behaviors and personalities are shaped by their social and physical environment |
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W.E.B DUBOUIS
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NAACP
pioneer in black sociology |
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JANE ADDAMS
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HULL HOUSE
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MICROSOCIOLOGY
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focuses on interactions between individuals
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MACROSOCIOLOGY
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focuses on social dynamics across a breadth of society
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MIDRANGE THEORY
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attempts to predict how certian social intitutions tend to function
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FUNCTIONALISM
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various social institiutions and processes in society exist to serve some important function to keep society running
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MANIFEST LATENT
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manifest=intended purpose
latent=the hidden/unintended |
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ORGANICISM
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compairing society to a living organism
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CULTURAL SCRIPTS
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modes of behavior and understanding that are NOT univeral or natural
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SUBCULTURE
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group having social, economic or ethnic traits distinct enough to distinguish it from others within the same culture or society
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NORMS
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how values tell us to act
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HYPOTHESIS
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a proposed relationship between two variables
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SOCIOLOGY
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the study of human society
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SOCIAL IMAGINATION
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connects our own biography to history
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SOCIAL INSTITUTION
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a group of social positions connected by social relations preforming a social role
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OPERATIONALIZATION
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the process of assigning a precise method for measuring a concept being examined for use in a particular study
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RELIABILITY
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likelihood of obtaining consistant results using the same measure
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VALIDITY
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instrument measures what it is intended to measure
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POPULATION
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an entire group of individual persons, objects or items from which samples may be drawn
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SOCIAL IDENTITY
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things you use to describe yourself
race gender college student |
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AUGUSTE COMTE
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french guy
3 epistemological stages *theological stage (god) *metaphysical stage(nature) *scientific stage(science) |
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SAMPLE
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the subset of the population from which you are actually collecting data
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7 types of Data Collection
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participant observations
interviews surveys historical methods comparative research experiments content analysis |
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ETHICS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH
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code of ethics
"do no harm" informed consent voluntary participation protected populations |
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PUBLIC SOCIOLOGY
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the practice of sociological research teaching and services that seeks to engage a non-academic audience for a normative productive end
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HARRIET MARTINEAU
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translated Comptes work into english
authored first sociology book on methods |
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KARL MARX
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communist
historical materialism: emphasis economic base of society capitalism: conflict between capitalists and workers |
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CULTURE
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sets of beliefs traditions and practices
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INTERPRETIVE SOCIOLOGY
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Max Weber
the study of social meaning |
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MAX WEBER
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German guy
emphasised the importance of ideas, culture and religion |
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positivist sociology
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Durkheim
social world can be described and predicted |
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MATERIAL CULTURE
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everything that is part of our constructed environment including technology
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NON MATERIAL CULTURE
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values, beliefs, behaviors and social norms
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IDEOLOGY
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a system of concepts and relationships an understanding of cause and effect
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CULTURAL RELATIVISM
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taking into account the differences across culture without passing judgement or assigning value
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EMILE DURKHEIM
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"how does society hold together?"
famous study SUICIDE |
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ANOMIE
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sense of normlessness
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VALUES
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moral beliefs
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SOCIOLIZATION
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people internalize values, beliefs and norms of a given society and learn to function as a member of that society
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MEDIA
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any format or vehicles that carry present or communicate information
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TEXTUAL ANALYSIS
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analysis of the content of media in its various forms
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AUDIENCE STUDIES
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examins how people read and interpret
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HEGEMONY
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Antonia gramsci
dominant group by viture of its moral and intellectual leadership secures that consent of the masses |
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CONSUMERISM
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money=happiness
the study acquisition of material possessions often with the belief that happiness and fullfillment can thus be achieved |
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CULTURAL JAMMING
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the act of turning the media against itself
i.e joe kimo |
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CRITIQUE
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reinforces status quo
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CONFLICT THEORY
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marx
conflict betweeen competing interest is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general |
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SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
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micro-level theory
shared meanings, orientations and assumptions form the basic motivation behind peoples actions. |
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FEMINIST THEORY
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emphasis on womens experiences and the belief that sociology and society in general subordinate women
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SELF
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individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person
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CHARLES HORTON COOLEY
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"looking glass self"
self emerges from our ability to assume the point of view of others and thereby imagine how they see us |
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GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
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I;ME;OTHER
3stages 1st-imitation 2nd-playstage 3rd-gamestage |
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I
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ones sense of agency, action or power
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ME
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self as one imagines others percieve one
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OTHER
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someone or something outside of oneself
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GENERALIZED OTHER
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internalized sense of the total expectation of others in a variety of settings
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AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
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family(primary)
school peers media |
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ADULT SOCIALIZATION
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the ways in which you are socialized as an adult
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RESOCIALIZATION
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the process by which one sense of social values,beliefs and norms are re-engineered often dilerabertaly though an intense social process that may take place in a total institution (jail)
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TOTAL INSTITUTION
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an institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life
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STATUS
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recognizable social position that an individual occupies
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ROLE
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the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status
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ROLE STRAIN
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the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a SINGLE STATUS
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ROLE CONFLICT
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the tension caused by competing demands between TWO OR MORE roles pertaining to different statuses
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ASCRIBED STATUS
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a status into which one is born; involuntary status
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ACHEIVED STATUS
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a status into which one enters; voluntary status
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MASTER STATUS
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one status within a set that stands out or overrides others
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FACE
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the esteem in which an individual is held by others
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ETHNOMETHOLOGY
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approach to studying human interaction
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SOCIAL GROUPS
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form the building blocks for society and most social interaction
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DYADS
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simmel; group of two;most intimate form of social life;both members are mutually dependent;symmetry must be maintained;voluntary
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TRIADS
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group of 3 or more;supra-individual;secrets can exsist;power politics
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SMALL GROUPS
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larger than 3 people
face to face interaction unifocal lack of formal arrangements or roles equality |
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PRIMARY GROUPS
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face to face
limited # of members group is an end unto itself group members noninterchangable relationships are enduring key agents to socialization |
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SECONDARY GROUPS
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group is impersonal
instrumental means to an end affiliation is contingent roles are more important than the individuals who fill them |
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REFERENCE GROUPS
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a group that helps us to understand of make sense of our positions in society relative to other groups
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SOCIAL NETWORKS
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a set of relations-a set of dyads-held together by ties between individuals
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TIES
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a set of stories that explains our relationship to the other members in our network
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NARRATIVE
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the sum of stories contained in a set of ties
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EMBEDDEDNESS
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degree to which ties are reinforced through indirect paths within a social network.
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MARK GRANOVETTER
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strength of weak ties
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SOCIAL CAPITAL
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info, knowledge of people or things and connections that help gain power in them.
"its who you know" |
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ORGANIZATIONS
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any social network that is defined by a common purpose and has a boundry betweeen its membership and the rest of the social world
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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
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the ways in which power and authority are distributed within an organization
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ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
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the shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group
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