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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
includes forms of communication such as books, magazines, newspapers, other print materials |
media |
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allow certain degree of independence from family and vertain figures of authority |
peers |
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participates in forming identities through laws and other regulations that reinforce appropriate behavior, and help form values, and attitudes of the citizens |
government |
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exerts a great influence on the views of a person, legitimizes accepted social practices, provides stability to society, and can even be sources of social change |
church |
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primary agent of socialization |
family |
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an institution established explicitly for the purpose of socializing people |
school |
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recognizes media bias as a product of the personal views of media professionals such as journalists, broadcasters, and editors |
elite-values model |
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suggests media reflects the views of the general public, and the media presents what they think the people want |
market model |
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portrays media as an ideological marketplace that enhances debate and electoral choice |
pluralist model |
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can be traced to links between media and the political and social elite |
dominant-ideology model |
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scientific study of human societies |
sociology |
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study of human social life, groups and society, that attempt to provide assessment of individual and group behavior |
sociology |
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things are not always what they seem, society guides our thoughts and deeds |
seeing the strange in the familiar |
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while not erasing our uniqueness as individuals, there are social forces in our lives in so many unseen, yet significant ways |
seeing the general in the particular |
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where we are placed in the society profoundly affects our individual experiences |
seeing society in our everyday lives |
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a sociological way of looking at the things which includes a basic orienting idea from which one's conceptualization and analysis follow |
sociological perspectives |
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systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social aspects of man |
anthropology |
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studies the cultural variation across different societies and examines the ness to understand each culture in its own context |
cultural anthropology |
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origins of humans as well as the interplay between social factors and the processes of human evolution, adpatation, and variation overtime |
biological or physical anthropology |
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studies language and discourse and how they reflect and shape different aspects of human society and culture |
linguistic anthropology |
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public law deals with: |
1. organization of governments 2. limitations upon government authority 3. powers and duties of governmental offices and officers 4. obligations of one state to another |
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reflects a set of ideas and assumptions regarding the nature of people and society |
sociological perspectives |
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anthropology is derived from 2 greek words... meaning... and... meaning... |
anthropos meaning man and logos meaning study/inquiry |
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science is derived from the latin word... meaning... |
scire meaning to know |
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sociology is derived from 2 Latin words... meaning... and... meaning... |
socius meaning companion/associate and logos meaning study/inquiry |
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systematic study of the state and government |
political science |
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attention is focused upon the methods and techniques used in the actual management of state affairs by executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government |
public administration |
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3 types of power |
1. political power 2. economic power 3. military power |
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the fuel of politics |
power |
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the ability to make or to influence the making of |
power |
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studies how social patterns and practices and cultural variations develop across different societies |
social anthropology |
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deals with prehistoric societies by studying their tools and environment |
archaeology |
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political is derived from the greek word... meaning... |
polis meaning city |
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father of american anthropology |
franz boas |
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control of economic assets |
economic power |
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founder of cultural anthropology |
edward burnett tylor |
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"culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of society" |
edward burnett tylor |
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pioneer of modern anthropology |
franz boas |
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deals with the entire body of doctrines relating to the origin, form, behavior and purposes of the state |
political theory |
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primitive culture (1871) |
edward burnett tylor |
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control of, or influence on, the state, ability to make, or influence, political decisions |
political power |
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"culture is made up of the meanings people find to make sense of their lives and to guide their actions" |
clifford geertz |
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father of sociology |
auguste comte |
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developed methodological cultural relativism: methods and primacy of anthropological fieldwork |
bronislaw malinowski |
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"culture as a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate, and develop their knowledge about and attitudes towards life " |
clifford geertz |
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father of functionalist school of anthropology |
bronislaw malinowski |
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ability to wage wars or to compel others through intimidation or deterrence |
military power |
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culture as a universal human characteristic |
alfred kroeber |
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cultural relativism |
franz boas |
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3 stages that every society goes through |
1. religious 2. metaphysical 3. scientific |
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compared society to a living organism |
herbert spencer |
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survival of the fittest |
herbert spencer |
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proponent of marxism |
karl marx |
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what year did auguste comte coin the term sociology |
1838 |
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student of franz boas |
alfred kroeber |
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he believed that every society goes through 3 stages |
auguste comte |
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believer in the principle of cultural relativism |
alfred kroeber |
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focused on the characteristics of social groups, particularly the cohesion or non-cohesion of religious groups |
emile durkheim |
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to enforce religious-based morals and norms to help maintain conformity and control in society |
social control |
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it offers meaning and purpose to answer ani existential questions |
conformity |
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to help maintain social solidarity through shared rituals and beliefs |
social cohesion |
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wrote "communist manifesto" |
karl marx |
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3 major functions in society according to emile durkheim: |
1. social cohesion 2. social control 3. conformity |
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coined the term sociology to refer to the study of society |
auguste comte |
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he claimed that the primary feature of the society is class conflict (the struggle between the capitalists and the proletariats) |
karl marx |
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what does "communist manifesto" present |
analytical approach to class struggle |
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2 types of understanding: |
1. direct observational understanding 2. empathetic understanding |
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the 1st institution of higher learning in the western world |
Academy of Athens |
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philosopher from Ancient Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens |
Plato |
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his works dealt on the significance of subjective meanings people give to their interactions with others |
max weber |
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6 stages of class struggles: |
1. primitive communism 2. slavery 3. feudalism 4. capitalism 5. socialism 6. communism |
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6 oppressing class: |
1. no classes 2. slave owners 3. land owners 4. bourgeoisie 5. state manager 6. no classes |
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6 oppressed class: |
1. no conflict 2. slaves 3. serfs 4. proletariat 5. workers 6. no conflict |
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4 types of suicide: |
1. altruistic suicide 2. egoistic suicide 3. anomic suicide 4. fatalistic suicide |
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heroes |
altruistic suicide |
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loners |
egoistic suicide |
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depressed |
anomic suicide |
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hopeless |
fatalistic suicide |
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student of socrates |
plato |
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student of aristotle |
alex the great |
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he defined politics as a "practical science" because it deals with making citizens happy |
aristotle |
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father of modern political science |
niccolo machiavelli |
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wrote "the prince" |
niccolo machiavelli |
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the ends justify the means |
the prince |
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best known for his State of Nature Theory |
thomas hobbes |
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Social Contract |
thomas hobbes |
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conceived the idea of separating government autority |
baron de motesquieu |
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3 government authorities: |
1. legislative 2. executive 3. judicial |
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check and balance |
baron de motesquieu |
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known for A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) |
mary wollstonecraft |
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one of the trailblazing works of feminism |
mary wollstonescraft |
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5 social problems: |
1. poverty 2. sex industry 3. alcoholism and drug abuse 4. crime 5. broken family |
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4 characteristics of social change: |
1. happens all time 2. is sometimes intentional but often unplanned 3. is controversial 4. matther more than others |
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groups of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical location, and government |
society |
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"a complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and share as a member of society" |
society according to edward burnett tylor |
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6 elements of society: |
1. social solidarity 2. shared identity and culture 3. common language 4. large population & the ability to sustain succeeding generations of members 5. definite geographical area 6. political, economic, & social organization |
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7 major types of societies: |
1. hunting & gathering societies (foraging) 2. pastoral societies 3. horticultural soceities (slash & burn) 4. agricultural societies 5. feudal societies 6. industrial societies 7. post industrial societies |
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sets of beliefs, ideas, values, practices, knowledge, history, and shared experiences |
culture |
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transmitted from one generation to the next and it is taught & learned through social interaction |
culture |
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2 major categories of culture: |
1. material culture 2. nonmaterial culture |
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composed of the physical or tangible objects that man creates & uses |
material culture |
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intangible properties and elements |
nonmaterial culture |
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6 characteristics of culture: |
1. acquired 2. adaptive 3. gratifies human needs 4. shared and transmitted 5. social 6. tends towards integration |
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5 vital components of culture: |
1. symbols 2. language 3. values 4. gestures 5. norms |
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provide generalized standards of behavior that are expressed in more specific forms in social norms |
values |
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refers to anything that represents something else and carries a particular meaning recognized by members of a culture |
gestures |
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guides of human behavior that agreed upon & shared within a culture and that prescribe limits of acceptable behavior |
norms |
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mandating what we should not do |
proscriptive |
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stating what we should do |
prescriptive |
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everyday habits, customs, traditions, amd conventions people obey |
folkways |
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vital to wellbeing & most cherished values |
mores |
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what is morally right or wrong |
mores |
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against the law most of the time |
mores |
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formalized norms enacted by people vested with legitimate authority |
laws |
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the process of learning some new traits from another culture, but still retaining their own distinct culture |
acculturation |
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the process in which an individual entirely loses any awareness of his/her previous group identity and takes on the culture and attitude of another group |
assimilation |
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this refers to the "biological inter breeding of 2 people of distinct physical appearance until they become one stock" |
amalgamation |
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the process of learning culture of one's own group |
enculturation |
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refers to the tendency to assume that one's and way of life are superior to all others |
ethnocentrism |
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the belief that the products, styles, or ideas of one's culture are inferior to other cultures |
xenocentrism |
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refers to the viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture |
cultural relativism |
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it is the process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs and ideologies (clausen, 1968) |
socialization |
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"human minds acquire information about the outside world through the senses, and this information molds and defines a person's awareness and view of the outside world" |
john locke |
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presidents |
aguinaldo quezon laurel osmena roxas quirino magsaysay garcia macapagal marcos aquino ramos estrada arroyo aquino digong |