Social Work Practice Iii: Clinical Theory And Methods Midterm

Front 1

CBT

Back 1

Psychotherapy that emphasizes the role of thinking on how we feel and what we do.

Front 2

CBT Assumptions

Back 2

The following are what?

1) Clients have excessively negative beliefs

2) Encourages examining the accuracy of their beliefs, and engage in experiments

3) Therapists are active and problem focused

4) Highly structured therapeutic sessions

Front 3

CBT Goals

Back 3

The following are what?

1) Provide clear rationale for understanding disordered thoughts

2) Learning mechanisms that create therapeutic change

3) Encourages self monitoring

4) Comparable to scientific observations

5) Hypothesis process

Front 4

Homework (experiments)

Back 4

What is an example of cognitive work of CBT?

Front 5

Automatic Thoughts

Back 5

Often based on legit concerns.

Front 6

Automatic Thoughts

Back 6

Seek to identify the inner dialogue.

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Arbitrary Inference

Back 7

Drawing conclusions that are not supported by the evidence.

Front 8

Selective Abstraction

Back 8

Focusing on a detail taken out of context.

Front 9

1) Identify the distortion

2) Examine the evidence

3) Experiment

4) Revise and re-engage

Back 9

What are the steps of CBT?

Front 10

Cost Benefit Analysis

Back 10

List advantages and disadvantages to certain behaviors.

Front 11

Responsibility Pie

Back 11

List all possible reasons for an event.

Front 12

Behavior Monitoring

Back 12

This is a CBT technique.

Front 13

1) Instructive therapy

2) Short term (15 sessions)

3) Emphasizes getting better vs feeling better

Back 13

What are the advantages of CBT?

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Aaron Beck

Back 14

Who created CBT?

Front 15

20, cognitive-behavioral therapies

Back 15

More than ___________ different therapies are called _______________________.

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Short term

Back 16

CBT uses a ______________ approach.

Front 17

Psychotherapeutic Model

Back 17

CBT has generated more research than any other ______________________.

Front 18

Cognitions (thinking), behaviors

Back 18

Related to behavior therapy in that _________________ are explicit behaviors that can be modified in their own right- just as overt ________________ that can be directly observed.

Front 19

View of Human Nature

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We're born with potential for rational and irrational thinking.

Front 20

View of Human Nature

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Have bio/cultural tendency to think crookedly and disturb ourselves.

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View of Human Nature

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We learn and invent disturbing beliefs and keep ourselves disturbed with self-talk.

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View of Human Nature

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We have the capacity to change our processes.

Front 23

Cognitive Therapy

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Problems stem from faulty thinking, incorrect inferences, and failing to distinguish fantasy and reality.

Front 24

Cognitive Therapy

Back 24

Insight-focused with strong psychoeducational component, highly collaborative.

Front 25

Cognitive Therapy

Back 25

Emphasizes changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs.

Front 26

Cognitive Therapy

Back 26

Feelings and behavior based on perceptions.

Front 27

Cognitive Therapy Assumptions

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The following are what?

1) Internal communication is accessible to introspection

2) Beliefs have highly personal meanings

3) These meanings can be discovered by the client rather than being taught or interpreted by therapist

Front 28

Basic Theory of CBT

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To understand the nature of an emotional episode or disturbance it is essential to focus on the cognitive content of an individual's reaction to the upsetting event or stream of thoughts.

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Basic Goal of CBT

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To change the way clients think by using their automatic thoughts to reach the core schemata and begin to introduce the idea of schema restructuring.

Front 30

CBT Principles

Back 30

The following are what?

1) Automatic thoughts: personalized notions triggered by particular stim that lad to emotional responses

2) Restructure core beliefs (schema)

3) Clients gain insight into affects of unrealistic negative thoughts and taught to test them against reality by weighing evidence

Front 31

Schema

Back 31

This is also known as core beliefs.

Front 32

Automatic Thoughts

Back 32

Cognitions that stream rapidly through our minds when we are in the midst of situations (or are recalling events).

Front 33

1) Arbitrary Inferences

2) Selective Abstraction

3) Overgeneralization

4) Magnification and Minimization

5) Personalization

6) Absolutistic/Dichotomous Thinking

Back 33

What are six cognitive distortions?

Front 34

Arbitrary Inferences

Back 34

Make conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence.

Front 35

Selective Abstraction

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Forming conclusions based on isolated detail of an event (other info ignored).

Front 36

Overgeneralization

Back 36

Hold extreme belief on basis of single incident and apply to dissimilar settings.

Front 37

Magnification and Minimization

Back 37

Perceive in greater or lesser light.

Front 38

Personalization

Back 38

External event due to you.

Front 39

Absolutistic/Dichotomous Thinking

Back 39

All or nothing.

Front 40

REBT

Back 40

This is highly directive, persuasive, and confrontational; therapist as teacher.

Front 41

CBT

Back 41

This uses Socratic dialogue to help client reflect and arrive at own conclusions, collaborative empiricism.

Front 42

Ellis, Beck

Back 42

Irrational (____________) vs Inaccurate (___________)

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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Back 43

What does REBT stand for?

Front 44

Albert Ellis

Back 44

Who created REBT?

Front 45

Beck

Back 45

This person says people live by rules, which are problematic if excessive, and therapist may suggest other rules without indoctrinating. Therapist continues to ask for evidence for a belief system.

Front 46

Ellis

Back 46

This person does not believe in a therapist-client relationship.

Front 47

Beck

Back 47

This person does believe in a therapist-client relationship.

Front 48

Homework

Back 48

A good therapeutic reliance results in ________________ done well.

Front 49

Therapist-Client Relationship

Back 49

Homework, client learns to be own therapist bibliotherapy.

Front 50

CBT Applications

Back 50

Depression initially, but also phobias, psychosomatic, eating, anger, pain, GAD, child abusers, etc.

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Cognitive Triad

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Negative view of self, selective abstraction, gloomy view of future and world.

Front 52

1) Counselors function as teachers

2) Clients actively involved

3) Clients empowered and respected

Back 52

What are the three strengths of CBT?

Front 53

REBT

Back 53

This views dependency negatively, which not all cultures do.

Front 54

CBT Limitations

Back 54

The following are what?

1) REBT views dependency negatively, which not all cultures do

2) Extensive training required to practice CBT

3) Therapist may impose personal ideas of what constitutes "rational"

4) Strong confrontational style of Ellis' REBT may be overwhelming

5) Some think CBT overlooks important of past experiences

Front 55

CBT

Back 55

Extensive training is required to practice this.

Front 56

1) Our cognitions have a controlling influence on our emotions and behavior

2) How we act or behave can strongly affect our thought patterns and emotions

Back 56

CBT is based on what two central tenets?

Front 57

Schizophrenia, PTSD, treatment resistant depression, Bi-polar disorder

Back 57

Combining CBT Therapy and psychiatric medications can improve efficacy for severe conditions such as what?

Front 58

Core Beliefs

Back 58

Schemas are ____________ that form templates/rules as a way to process information.

Front 59

Holding Environment

Back 59

A comfortable space which allows clients to feel safe physically and emotionally, facilitating the engagement process.

Front 60

C) Psychoanalysis

Back 60

Which of the following is not a form of CT (Cognitive Therapy)?

a) REBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy)

b) DBT (Dialectical Behavioral Therapy)

c) Psychoanalysis

d) Reality Therapy

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False

Back 61

True/False: Cognitive errors can be summed up as errors in emotional information processing.

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True

Back 62

True/False: Guided discovery is often used in Socratic Questioning.

Front 63

1) Simple schemas

2) Intermediary beliefs and assumptions

3) Core beliefs about the self

Back 63

What are the three main groups of schemas?

Front 64

Simple Schemas

Back 64

Rules about the physical nature of the environment, practical management of everyday activities, or laws of nature that may have little or no effect on psychopathology.

Front 65

Intermediary Beliefs and Assumptions

Back 65

Conditional rules such as if-then statements that influence self-esteem and emotional regulation.

Front 66

Core Beliefs About the Self

Back 66

Global and absolute rules for interpreting environmental information related to self-esteem.

Front 67

Adaptive Schemas

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Healthy beliefs, such as, "no matter what happens, I can manage somehow", "if I work at something, I can master it", "I'm lovable", and "if I prepare in advance, I usually do better".

Front 68

Maladaptive (or non-adaptive) Schemas

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Unhealthy or negative beliefs, such as, "if I choose to do something, I must succeed", "I'm stupid", "without a man (woman), I'm nothing", and "no matter what I do, I won't succeed".

Front 69

Behavior Therapy

Back 69

This is a pragmatic approach with empirical validation of results.

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Behavior Therapy

Back 70

This method can be used in individual, marital and family counseling, and groups.

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Behavior Therapy

Back 71

Issues that this approach is well suited for include: phobic disorders, anger management, depressions, sexual disorders, children’s behavioral disorders, stuttering, substance abuse, and prevention of various health-relation problems.

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Behavior Therapy

Back 72

Its principles are also applied in such fields as stress management, education and geriatrics.

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Behavior Therapy

Back 73

Can be used for individual and group setting.

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Behavior Therapy

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Begin with a comprehensive assessment of present functioning, with reasons explaining past learning is related to current behavior.

Front 75

Behavior Therapy

Back 75

Arnold Lazarus founded what?

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Behavior Therapy Assumptions

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The following are what?

1) People are basically shaped by learning and sociocultural conditioning

2) Systematic goals guide us into action

3) Practicing new behavior and evaluating them are important ways to change problematic behaviors

Front 77

Behavior Therapy Goals

Back 77

The following are what?

1) Eliminate maladaptive behavior and learn constructive behavior

2) Self-directed and self-managed behavior

Front 78

Behavior Therapy

Back 78

The following are intervention techniques for what?

1) Systematic desensitization

2) Relaxation techniques

3) Assertion training

4) Self-management

5) Reinforcement and modeling

6) Cognitive restructuring

7) Thought-stopping

8) Behavioral rehearsal

Front 79

Cognitive Therapy

Back 79

This approach has been widely applied to the treatment of depression, anxiety, marital problems,stress management, skill training, anger management, substance abuse, assertive training, eating disorders, panic attacks, performance anxieties and social phobias.

Front 80

Cognitive Therapy

Back 80

It is especially helpful in assisting clients to modify their cognitions.

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Cognitive Therapy

Back 81

This can be modified to a wide-range of populations.

Front 82

Solution-Focused Approach

Back 82

George Kelly and Steve deShazar founded what?

Front 83

Solution-Focused Approach Assumptions

Back 83

The following are what?

1) Language is reality rather than a tool to help uncover reality

2) We can construct a new world view

3) Don't focus on problem but solution

4) Anxiety is a symptom of a problem-saturated self-description

Front 84

Solution-Focused Approach

Back 84

During the assessment of what are the following used?

1) Client is the expert

2) Assess clients use of language and concepts that construct past and present meanings

Front 85

Solution-Focused Approach Goals

Back 85

What are the following?

1) Construct new realities that allow clients to make productive choices

2) Identify clients' strengths

Front 86

Solution-Focused Approach

Back 86

The following are intervention techniques for what?

1) Search for exceptions to a complaint

2) Amplify client's suggestions for solutions

3) Clarify goals for change

4) Use solution-focused language

5) Miracle Question: What would life be like without this problem?

6) Backwards/Fast Forwards Questions

Front 87

Reality Therapy

Back 87

William Glasser is the founder for what?

Front 88

Reality Therapy Assumption

Back 88

It is client's responsibility to decide for themselves if they want to change.

Front 89

Reality Therapy

Back 89

During the assessment of what are the following used?

1) Not formal (but paying attention to personal strengths)

2) Look at what clients are doing now to determine if the present behavior is effective

Front 90

Reality Therapy Goal

Back 90

Challenge clients to make an assessment of their current behavior to determine if it helps to get what they want.

Front 91

Reality Therapy

Back 91

The following are intervention techniques for what?

1) Active, directive and didactic interventions

2) Behavioral methods used

3) Specific plan and evaluation with clients

Front 92

1) Create a relationship

2) Focus on current behavior

3) Guide clients to evaluate behavior

4) Help make a plan

5) Get a commitment

6) Accept no excuses

7) Don't use punishment

8) Don't give up

Back 92

What are the eight steps in reality therapy?

Front 93

REBT Assumptions

Back 93

The following are what?

1) Our problems are caused by our perception of life situations and our thoughts (not by the situations or past events themselves)

2) Self-defeating beliefs are damaging

Front 94

REBT

Back 94

Assessment is based on a sense of client's pattern of thinking.

Front 95

REBT Goals

Back 95

The following are what?

1) Eliminate self-defeating outlook on life

2) Acquire a tolerant and rational view of life

Front 96

REBT

Back 96

The following are intervention techniques for what?

1) Examine present beliefs

2) Carryout cognitive homework

3) Change one's language and thinking patterns 4) Role play

5) RET imagery

6) Shame attacking exercises

Front 97

Genograms

Back 97

These are charts or graphs that diagram the biological and interpersonal relationships among family members across several generations.

Front 98

Genograms

Back 98

They identify significant events in intergenerational relationships that can have an influence on families and individuals.

Front 99

Genograms

Back 99

These represent family/kinship ties—immediate and extended family members.

Front 100

Genograms

Back 100

Example of situation that use this: sourcing for alternative live-in/care arrangements for children and youth.

Front 101

Ecomap

Back 101

This represents the entire social networks/social circles that people move around in.

Front 102

Ecomap

Back 102

Example of a situation that uses this: Family Group Conferencing Sourcing for jobs.

Front 103

Motivational Interviewing

Back 103

Can be used for any age group; may require some adjustments based on client age and cognitive abilities.

Front 104

Motivational Interviewing

Back 104

This approach can be used on a variety of problems/concerns, however tends to be used most with the resistive client.

Front 105

Motivational Interviewing

Back 105

This approach is starting to be utilized in the healthcare field in assisting patients to change unhealthy habits (smoking, eating, lack of exercise).

Front 106

1) Advice

2) Barriers

3) Choices

4) Decrease Desirability

5) Empathy

6) Feedback

7) Goals

8) Helping

Back 106

What are the 8 principles of motivational interviewing?

Front 107

1) Open-ended questions

2) Affirmations

3) Reflective listening

4) Elicit self-motivational statements

5) Summarize

Back 107

What are the 5 key motivational interviewing skills?

Front 108

Socratic Questioning

Back 108

Involves asking the patient questions that stimulate curiosity and inquisitiveness.

Front 109

Guided Discovery

Back 109

What is a specialized form of Socratic questioning?

Front 110

Guided Discovery

Back 110

The therapist asks a series of inductive questions to reveal dysfunctional thought patterns or behavior.

Front 111

Aaron Beck

Back 111

Who is the founder of cognitive therapy?

Front 112

Transference

Back 112

Not seen as a necessary or primary mechanism for learning or change.

Front 113

Transference

Back 113

Viewed as a reenactment in the treatment relationship of key elements of previous important relationships (e.g., parents, grandparents, teachers, bosses, peers).

Front 114

Transference

Back 114

In CBT the focus is NOT on the unconscious, rather the habitual ways of thinking and acting.

Front 115

Transference

Back 115

Use the ___________ to improve relationship and modify dysfunctional thought patterns.

Front 116

Countertransference

Back 116

Occurs in CBT when the relationship with the patient activates automatic thoughts and schemas in the clinician, and these cognitions have the potential for influencing the therapy process.

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Countertransference

Back 117

Common indicators that ________________ may be occurring are that you feel angry, tense, or frustrated with the patient; are becoming bored in therapy; are relieved when the patient is late or cancels the appointment; have repeated difficulties working with a particular type of illness, system cluster, or personality dimension; or are finding yourself particularly attracted or drawn to a certain patient.

Front 118

Diagnostic

Back 118

Everything is ___________.

Front 119

Selective Abstraction

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Sometimes called "ignoring the evidence" or "the mental filter".

Front 120

Selective Abstraction

Back 120

A conclusion is drawn after looking at only a small portion of the available information.

Front 121

Selective Abstraction

Back 121

Salient data are screened out or ignored in order to confirm the person's biased view of the situation.

Front 122

Arbitrary Inference

Back 122

A conclusion is reached in the face of contradictory evidence or in the absence of evidence.

Front 123

Overgeneralization

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A conclusion is made about one or more isolated incidents and then is extended illogically to cover broad areas of functioning.

Front 124

Magnification and Minimization

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The significance of an attribute, event, or sensation is exaggerated or minimized.

Front 125

Personalization

Back 125

External events are related to oneself when there is little or no basis for doing so.

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Personalization

Back 126

Excessive responsibility or blame is taken for negative events.

Front 127

Absolutistic/Dichotomous Thinking

Back 127

Judgements about oneself, personal experiences, or others are placed into one of two categories (e.g., all bad or all good, total failure or total success, completely flawed or completely perfect).

Front 128

CBT Model

Back 128

The ____________ assumes that cognitive and behavioral changes are modulated through biological processes and that psychotropic medications and other biological treatments influence cognitions.

Front 129

Kelly, Ellis

Back 129

___________ theory of personal constructs (core beliefs or self-schemas) and ____________ rational-emotive therapy also contributed to the development of cognitive-behavioral theories and methods.

Front 130

That one is making cognitive errors -- not to identify each and every error in logic that is occurring.

Back 130

In implementing CBT methods for reducing cognitive errors, therapists typically teach patients that the most important aim is simply to recognize what?