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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. History
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An account of what happens in the life or development of a people, a nation, or a civilization.
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2. Archaeology
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The study of evidence left by early people.
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3. Anthropology
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The study of cultures, both past and present.
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4. Environment
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One's surroundings, including climate and resources.
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5. Geography
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The study of people, their environments and their resources.
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6. Equator
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Line of latitude labeled 0 degress. Separates the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
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7. Prime Meridian
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Imaginary line that lies at 0 degrees longitude.
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8. Hemisphere
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Half of the Earth.
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9. Latitude
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Distance North and South from the equator. (parallels)
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10. Longitude
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Distance East or West from the Prime Meridian.
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11. Cardinal Directions
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North, South, East, West.
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12. Intermediate Directions
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North East, North West, South East, South West.
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13. Strait
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Narrow channel that connects two larger bodies of water.
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14. Canal
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Man-made waterway that connects two bodies of water.
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15. Peninsula
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A piece of land that has water on three sides.
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16. Isthumus
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A narrow strip of land joining two larger areas.
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17. Prime Source
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FIrst-hand information about people and events of the past.
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18. Secondary Source
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A work seen, such as a history book, that was written many years after the event is described.
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19. Artifacts
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Objects made by humans and used by archaeologists to recreate parts of the past.
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20. Stratigraphy
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The study of soil layers and what they represent, also refers to the layers of a specific site.
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21. Crossmending
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Putting fragments of pottery or glass back together.
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22. Excavation
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The process of digging an archaeological site in a systematic manner.
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23. First-In-Last-Out
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A principle that states that the last deposited layer is the first layer excavated.
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24. Earthenware
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Ceramic objects like bowls and plates made of baked clay.
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25. Galcier
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Large thick sheet of slow moving ice.
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26. Culture
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The entire way developed by a people.
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27. Economy
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System by which goods are distributed to meet people's needs.
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28. Technology
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The skills and knowledge used to make tools and do work.
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29. Language
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A means of expressing thoughts or communicating.
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30. Religion
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A belief in superhuman power or powers.
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31. Monotheism
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Religious belief in one god.
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32. Polytheism
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Religious belief in more than one god.
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33. Animism
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Religious belief that spirits are found in both living and non-living things.
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34. Ethnocentrism
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The attitude that ones traditions, customs, language and values are the only right and proper way and that other cultures are inadequate or wrong.
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35. Pueblo
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Adobe dwelling of the Southwest made of sundried clay and brick.
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36. Igloo
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Inuit house of snow and ice.
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37. Hogan
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Navajo house made of mud plaster on a framework of woodenpoles.
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38. Tepee
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Cone shaped tent made of buffalo hide.
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39. Longhouse
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Iroqouis dwelling made of poles and tree bark.
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40. Wigwam
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Round house dwelling of the Algonquians.
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41. Haudenosaunee
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"People of the longhouse" - Iroquois name for themselves.
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42. Algonquian
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Native Americans, living in Eastern New York, including Long Island.
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43. Clan
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Group of families with common ancestors.
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44. Agriculture
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Farming
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45. Three Sisters
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Corn, beans and squash
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46. Wampum
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String or belt of small polished beads made from shells.
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47. Confederacy League
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A group of people united for a common purpose.
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48. Sachem
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One of 50 members of the grand council who governed the Iroquois Confederacy.
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49. Decade
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A ten year period.
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50. Century
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One hundred year period.
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51. Millenium
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One thousand year period.
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52. Civilization
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Advanced culture with cities and and ability to keep written records.
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53. Middle Ages
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Period in Europe between ancient and modern times (500 - 1350).
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54. Renaissance
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Period of learning in Europe from the late 1300's to about 1600. This was a time of rebirth and advances in science, literature and art.
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55. Protestant Reformation
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Movement in the 1500's to reform the Catholic church.
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56. Monarchy
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Rule by a king or queen.
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57. Feudalism
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System of rule by lords who owe loyalty to a king.
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58. Manor
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Area of a lords rule, included castle, peasants huts and surrounding villages and fields.
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59. Serf
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Peasant who could not leave the manor of which he was born.
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60. Navigation
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Practice of plotting a course at sea.
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61. Magnetic Compass
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Device thats shows which direction is North.
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62. Astrolabe
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Instrument used by sailors to measure the position of stars and determine their latitude at sea.
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63. Caravel
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A ship with a steering rudder and triangular sails.
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64. Colony
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A group of people who settled in a distant land who are ruled by the government of the native land.
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65. Conquistador
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A Spanish explorer who came to conquer.
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66. Line of Demarcation
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Established by the Treaty of Tordesillas; divided the world between Spain and Portugal.
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67. Northwest Passage
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Waterway through or around North America.
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68. Circumnavigate
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Sail around the world.
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69. Columbian Exchange
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Transfer of goods and ideas between the Old World and the New World.
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70. DBQ
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Documnet Based Question
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71. Excerpt
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A passage or quote from a book, article, etc.
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72. Outside Knowledge
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In a DBQ essay this refers to any information on the topic which is NOT found in the documents.
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73. Circa
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About; used before an approximate date.
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74. Thesis Statement
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The sentence in your essay that tells the reader your opinion or position on a topic.
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75. October 12, 1492
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The date Columbus irst set foot in the Nw World.
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76. Sea Dogs
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English sailors who attacked Spanish treasure ships.
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77. Spanish Armada
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Huge fleet of ships defeated by the English in 1588.
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78. Charter
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Legal document giving certain rights to a person or a company.
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79. Joint Stock Company
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Private trading company that sold shares to investors.
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80. Capital
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Money for investment.
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81. Democracy
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Government where the people hold the power to rule.
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82. Burgesses
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Representatives.
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83. Representative Government
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People elect the people who will make laws for them.
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84. Legislature
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Gropu of people with the power to make laws for a country or a colony.
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85. Mayflower Compact
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Agreement to abide by majority rule signed by Pilgrims and Anglicans before landing at Plymouth.
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86. Magna Carta
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"Great Charter" - 1215, signed by King John of England. Monarch could not raise taxes without consulting with the nobles and church leaders.
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87. Parliament
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English representative assembly made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
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88. Indentured Servant
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Person who signed a contract to work for a certain length of time in exchange for passage to the colonies.
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89. Slave
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A person bought and sold as property and forced to work.
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90. Puritans
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Group of English Protestants who settled in Massachusetts.
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91. Toleration
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Willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.
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92. Corporate Colony
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Established by stock companies or corporations.
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93. Proprietary Colony
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Colony established by a charter given to an individual or individuals.
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94. Royal Colony
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Colony under the direct control of the monarchy.
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95. Import
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Trade good brought into a country.
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96. Export
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Trade good sent to markets outside a country.
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97. Indigo
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Plant from which a deep blue dye is obtained.
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98. Cash crop
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Surplus of a crop that is sold for money
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99. Gentry
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Highest social class in the 13 colonies.
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100. Albany Plan of Union
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Benjamin Franklin's plan for a Grand Council to make laws, raise taxes, and set up a defense for the colonies against the French and their Indian allies.
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101. Triangular trade
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Series of colonial trade routes between New England, the West Indies, Europe and Africa.
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102. Middle Passage
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Ocean trip from Africa to the Americas in which thousands of enslaved Africans died.
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103. Mother Country
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England: a colony's ruling nation.
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104. Mercantilism
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Economic theory that a nation's strength came from building up its gold supplies and expanding its trade.
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105. Navigation Acts
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Laws requiring colonists to trade only with England.
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106. Proclamation of 1763
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British law forbidding colonists from settling west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.
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107. Boycott
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Refuse to buy certain goods or services.
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108. Repeal
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Cancel
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109. Writ of Assistance
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Legal document which let a British customs agent inspect a ship's cargo without giving any reason for the search.
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110. Quarter
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House and feed.
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111. Committee of Correspondence
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Group of colonists who wrote letters and pamphlets protesting British rule.
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112. Propaganda
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Spreading of ideas or beliefs that help a particular cause and hurt and opposing cause.
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113. Militia
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Army of citizens who serve as soldiers in an emergency.
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114. Minutemen
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Volunteer who trained in fight the British in 1775.
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115.Patriot/Rebel
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Colonist who supported independence.
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116. Tory/Loyalist
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Colonist who supported the British.
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117. Blockade
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Shutting off a port by ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out.
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118. Traitor
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Person who betrays his or her country.
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119.
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Troops on horseback.
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120. Neutral
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Choosing not to fight on either side in a war.
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121. Ratify
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Approve.
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122. Hessians
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German Soldiers who were hired to fight for the British.
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123. Revolution
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The usually violent overthrow of a government.
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124. Tyranny
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Cruel and unjust government.
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125. Republic
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Nation in which voters elect representatives to govern them.
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126. Liberty
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Freedom to live as you please as long as you obey the laws and respect the rights of others.
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127. Justice
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Fairness
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128. Constitution
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Document that describes the laws and principles of a government.
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129. Articles of Confederation
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First constitution of the United States.
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130. Preamble
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An opening statement or introduction.
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131. Domestic
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Having to do with affairs within the country.
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132. Tranquility
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Peace
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133. Prosperity
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Future generations.
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134. Ordain
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Make official.
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135. Separation of Powers
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The distribution of power and authority among legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
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136. Checks and Balances
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System where each branch uses its powers to limit the powers of the other two, to maintain a balance of power between the three branches of government.
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137. Bill
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Proposed law.
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138. Veto
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Disapprove.
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139. Judicial Review
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Power of the courts to determine if the actions taken or the laws passed by the legislative and executive branches violate the constitution.
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140. Federalism
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Division of powers between the federal (national) and state governments.
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141. Amendment
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Formal written change to the Constitution, must be approved by both houses of Congress and 3/4's of the states.
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142. Bill of Rights
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First 10 amendments to the Constitution.
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143. Freedom of Expression
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First Amendment freedoms of speech, press, assembly and petition.
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144. Elastic Clause
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Refers to the part of the Constitution which says that the Congress shall have the power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying out its other powers.
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145.Precedent
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Act or decision that sets an example for others to follow.
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146. Protective Tariff
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Tax on imports to protect a country's industry from foreign competition.
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147. Immigrant
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Person who enters a country in order to settle there.
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148. Laissez Faire
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Idea that the government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.
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149. Nationalism
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Pride in or devotion in one's country.
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150. Impressionment
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Act of forcing someone to serve in the navy.
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151. Embargo
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Ban on trade with another country.
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152. Capitalist
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Person who invests in a business to make a profit.
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153. Factory System
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Method of producing goods that brought workers and machinery together in one place.
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154. Urbanization
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Population movement from farms to cities.
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155. Interchangeable parts
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Identical, machine-made parts for a tool or instrument.
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156. Spoils System
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Practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs.
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157. Nullification
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Idea that a state has the right to cancel a federal law it considered unconstitutional.
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158. Temperance Movement
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Campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol.
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159. Suffrage
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Right to vote.
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160. Forty-Niner
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Person who headed west to California during the Gold Rush of 1849.
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161. Annex
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To add on.
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162. Cede
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To give up, as in land.
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163. Manifest Destiny
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Belief of many Americans in the 19th Century that the U.S. should own all the land between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
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164. Racism
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Belief that one race is superior to another.
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165. Slave Codes
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Laws that controlled the behavior of slaves and denied them basic rights.
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166. Abolitionist
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Person who wanted to end slavery in the U. S.
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167. Underground Railroad
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Network of abolitionists who helped runaway slaves reach freedom in the North or Canada.
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168. Sectionalism
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Loyalty to a state or section rather than the whole country.
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169. Popular Sovereignty
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Allowing voters in each territory to decide whether to allow slavery.
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170. Aresenal
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Warehouse for guns and ammunition.
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171. Secede
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Withdraw from membership in a group.
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172. Border States
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Slave states that did not secede from the Union
(Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky and Missouri) |
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173. Civil War
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War between people of the same country.
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174. Ironclads
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New ships made of metal; first used in the Civil War.
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175. Emancipate
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To set free.
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176. Draft
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Law requiring certain people to serve in the military.
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177. Inflation
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Rise in prices and decrease in the value of money.
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178. Siege
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Miliary blockade of an enemy town or position in order to force it to surrender.
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179. Reconstruction
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Refers to the period of the South's rebuilding as well as the government program to rebuild it (1865-1877).
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180. Freedman
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Freed slave.
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181. Black Codes
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Set of laws that limited the rights of freedmen - passed by the southern legislatures after the Civil War.
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182. Impeach
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Bring charges against a public official such as the President.
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183. Scalawag
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White southerners who supported the Radical Republicans.
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184. Carpetbagger
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Name for a northerner who went south during Reconstruction seeking personal gain.
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185. Sharecropper
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Farmer who works land owned by another and gives the landowner a share of the crop at harvest time.
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