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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
containment
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Truman:
-support any countries that reject communism -the Truman Doctrine was an enforcement of this policy |
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brinkmanship
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Secretary of State Dulles and President Eisenhower:
-being on the brink of war without actually going to war -any threat made to the United States would be met with retaliation |
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Yalta Conference
*I.D.* |
in attendance: France, Britain, US, UK
-divide Germany into 4 zones -divide Berlin into 2 zones |
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Berlin Airlift
*I.D.* |
*Stalin set blockade around West Berlin
-no one allowed in or out: civilians have no source of supplies -Stalin's plan was to force them to surrender *Instead for 11 months, U.S. and Britain planes flew food, medicine, and other supplies to the citizens *realizing his plan was unsuccessful, Stalin called off the blockade |
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SALT Treaties
(Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) |
set the limit on the number of missiles in the U.S. and Soviet Union at 1972 levels
*signed by Nixon and Brezhnev |
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Prague Spring
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reforms made by Czechoslovakian leader Alexander Dubcek
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
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failed attempt to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro
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NATO
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defensive alliance formed in 1949 by the U.S., Canada, and 10 western European nations
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Cuban Missile Crisis
*I.D.* |
*Because of Bay of Pigs invasion in which U.S. suffered humiliating defeat, Cuba made ties and agreements with the Soviet Union
*U.S. found evidence that the Soviet Union was holding nuclear weapons in Cuba: U.S.formed a blockade, or quarantine, around the country *For 13 days, Kennedy and Soviet Union's Khrushchev were at a standstill: because of his drunkenness, Khrushchev lost a lot of prestige *no nuclear missiles launched: closest ever to nuclear war |
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1968
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*one of the most important years of the 20th century
-Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated -Bobby Kennedy assassinated -Tet Offensive in Vietnam: tactical victory for anti-Communists, psychological victory for the North and is what turned many Americans against the war -democratic convention -Nixon elected |
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Potsdam Conference
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President Truman urged Stalin to permit free elections in Eastern Europe
*Stalin refused* |
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Truman Doctrine
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*provided $400 million in aid for Turkey and Greece
*designed to support countries rejecting communism *controversial but received immediate approval from Congress |
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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*last Soviet leader*
*2 Major Reforms: -glasnost:"openness", allowing new freedoms to combat corruption -perestroika:"restructuring", modernize and allow some private censorship also... democratization: gradual opening of the political system -election of new legislative body |
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Ayatollah Khomeini
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took control of Iran after 1979 revolution; strong hatred for US: kept hostages
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Ho Chi Minh
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*led Communists who united w/ other nationalists to defeat France at Dien Bien Phu
*leader of North Vietnam |
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Kim Jon Il
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current leader of North Korea
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Douglas MacArthur
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led UN forces in Korea
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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*U.S.-backed leader of South Vietnam
-ruled as a dictator -Vietcong formed in opposition to him |
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Tet Offensive
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(1968)combined attack of Vietcong and N. Vietnamese forces: tactical victory for S. Vietnamese and U.S.; but major psychological victory for Communists
*turned many Americans against the war* |
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Vietnamization
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*Nixon's plan for withdrawal
-gradually pull out while increasing S. Vietnam's role |
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Pol Pot
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*dictator and leader of Khmer Rouge in Cambodia
-oversaw the killings of 2 million Cambodians *worst genocide of 20th century* |
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Nikita Krushchev
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*took over Soviet Union after Stalin
-destalinization: take away influence of Stalin *oversaw Cuban Missile Crisis |
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Leonid Brezhnev
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*followed Krushchev in power of Soviet Union
*"Prague Spring"-new ideas protested his policies so he invaded Czechoslovakia |
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detente
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a lessening or easing of Cold War tensions; a "thawing" of the Cold War; practiced by Nixon
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Marshall Plan
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*U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall's plan for the United States to give aid to needy European countries
-provided food, machinery, and other materials to rebuild Western Europe -spectacular success |
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Warsaw Pact
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(1955)Communist nations formed this alliance after seeing NATO as a threat
*included Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania |
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He was the first human to orbit the earth.
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Yuri Gagarin
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Great Leap Forward
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*Mao's Idea
-called for larger collective farms called communes, ended up being a giant step backward: due to 1. poor planning 2. famine 3. no motivation (no money) |
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Iron Curtain
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quote of Winston Churchill
*represented Europe's division into mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe |
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United Nations
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50 nations including US and Soviet Union formed this international organization intended to promote peace
-5 permanent members: China, US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union |
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Berlin Wall
*I.D.* |
*In 1961, wall was built to surround west Berlin and to isolate it from east Germany
-symbolized the world's division throughout the Cold War -when the Berlin Wall came down, much of the tension ended *Kennedy's visit: "I am a Berliner." *Reagan's visit: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" |