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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the Articles of Confederation? When were they adopted? |
The first constitution of the US. It was a plan for the nation as a whole. 1777 |
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What were the Articles of Confederation's weaknesses? |
The Congress couldn't tax the people or enforce laws. It was a one-branch government. Each state had its own trade policy and each state printed its own money. Therefore, trade was bad. |
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What did the Articles of Confederation do that was good? |
They waged war for independence, and they won. |
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What was Shay's rebellion? |
Daniel Shays and about 1,000 farmers from Massachusetts tried to seize arms from a state warehouse, but failed. |
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What was the result of Shay's rebellion? |
It was a wake-up call for Congress to fix the Articles of Confederation. It also leads to the Constitutional Convention. |
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What were the name of two laws that had to do with the Ohio River Valley. What were they? |
The Land of Ordinance of 1785 was a law that divided punlic lands into townships. Within each township there would be a grid one mile on each side. These would sell for 36 sections that would be sold for $1 an acre. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was a law that guarenteed basic rights for settlers and banned slavery there. |
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What were the three steps that were in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? |
1. When a territory started to be settled, Congress would appoint a governor, a secretary, and three judges. 2. Once the territory had 5,000 free adult male settlers, it could elect a legislature. 3. When the free population reached 60,000, the territory could ask to become a state. |
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Who is James Madison? |
The father of the Constitution. He wrote most of it. |
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Who was Edmond Randolph? |
Had proposal that the legislature be organized. Proposal called Virginia plan. |
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What was the Virginia plan? |
It says there would be three branches of government, two houses in the legislature, and representation based on population. |
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What was the New Jersey plan? |
It said one branch of government. The branch would be the legislature. The representation from each state would be equal. |
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What states were made by the Northwest Ordinance? |
Ohio, Indiana, Illinios, Michigan, and Wisconsin. |
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What is the Connecticut Compromise? Who made it and what colony was he from? |
Aka the Great Compromise. Gives Virginia three branch government and two house legislature. Gives New Jersey equal representation. Virginia gets population. House of Representatives is based on population. Senate is equal representation. His name was Roger Sherman and he was from Connecticut. |
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What is a judicial branch? |
It would consist of a system of courts to interpret the law. |
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What is a compromise? |
An agreement in which each side gives up part of what it wants. |
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What is the Three-Fifths Compromise? Why was it made? |
It said that each enslaved person counted as three fifths of a free person. It was made because the south wanted slaves to count as people so that they could get more seats in the House of Representatives. The north didn't want them to count as people because then the south would have an advantage. Instead, they had the compromise. |
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What compromise was made about slave trade? |
The north wanted to ban slavery, but the south complained that their economy would be ruined if that happrned. A comptomise was reached. It said that for 20 years, until 1808, slave importation was allowed. After that it was banned. |
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Who was Gouverneur Morris? |
He said, " We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union,... do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." He wrote the preamble. |
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What does ratify mean? |
Approve |
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What are Federalists? |
Supporters of the new Constitution. They favored a strong federal, or national, government. |
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What are the Federalist Papers and who published them? |
The Federalist Papers were aseries of 85 newspaper essays in support of the Constitution. They were all talking about a strong central government. The publishers of it is James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. |
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What are Antifederalists and who were their leaders? |
Opponents of ratification. They agreed that the Articles of Confederation were not strong enough, but they felt that the Constitutional Convention had gone too far. Their leaders were George Mason and Patrick Henry from Virginia. |
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What were the antifederalists reasons for opposing the Constitution? |
1. The weakening of the states: Antifederalists argued that the Constitution dangerously weakened the state governments. 2. No bill of rights: they pointed out that the proposed Constitution offered no protection for basic freedoms. 3. President or King: They worried that a president could easily become like a king. |
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How many states were needed to have a bill approved? |
9 states |
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Who led the attack on the Constitution in Virginia? |
Patrick Henry |
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Who was James Madison? |
He is called the father of the Constitution because he wrote most of it. |
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What was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution? The first state? The last state? |
New Hampshire, Delaware, and Rhode Island |
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When was the Constitution adopted? |
1788 |
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What was the first order of business under the Constitution? What were the results? |
It was to elect executives. George Washington and John Adams. |
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What were framers? |
They were delegates to the Constitutional Convention that helped draft the Constitution. |
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What is the Bill of Rights? |
It aims to protect people against abuses by the federal government. |
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What did the First-Fourth Amendments say? |
1. Guarantees freedom of religion, speech, and the press. 2. Deals with the right to bear arms. 3. Bars Congress from forcing citizens to keep troops in their homes. 4. Protects citizens from unreasonable searches of their homes or seizure of their property. |
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What do amendments 5-8 say? |
5. They protect citizens who are accused of crimes and are brought to trial. 6-8. The last two amendments limit the powers of the federal government to those that are granted in the Constitution. |
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What was the form of government of the articles of confederation? |
They had a weak central government. There was one branch of government, the legislative branch. It was a one - house legislature. |
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What did the articles of confederation have the power to do and not do? |
They could not regulate trade or collect taxes. It could deal with foreign nations and Native Americans outside the thirteen states. It could also make laws, declare war, coin or borrow money, and run postal service. |
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When was the first session of the new government? |
March 4, 1789 |
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When were 12 amendments passed by Congress? |
September 1789 |
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When were ten amendments ratified by 9 of the states creating the Bill of Rights? |
December 1791 |
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When did the Constitutional Convention meet? |
1787 |
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Who was George Washington? |
The first president |
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Who was Thomas Jefferson? |
He wrote the Declaration of Independence. |
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Who was James WIlson? |
He said, "not only the cornerstone, but the foundation of the fabric. He was referring to the people. He was saying that shutting people out of the election process would be a bad idea. |
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Who was John Adams? |
The first vice president. |
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Who was Ben Franklin? |
Wrote speech supporting the Constitution. |
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What was a founder of the Constitution? |
They were delegates who did not write the Constitution, but came up the ideas. |
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What was the Constitutional Convention? |
They met to discuss the weak central government in the Articles of Confederation. |
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What was the Constitutional Convention's purpose? |
To discuss possible improvements on the Articles of Confederation. |
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Who did/did not attend? |
55 delegates from 12 states came. Only Rhode Island did not send any reps. George Washington, Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, Edmund Randolph, Roger Sherman, James Wilson, William Paterson, and Gouverneur Morris were there. Thomas Jefferson was not. |
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What were the parts of the Constitution? |
The preamble, Article 1- the legislature, article 2-executive, article 3-judiciary, and the bill of rights which was missing. |
