Social Studies Ch. 3

Front 1

Columbus

Back 1

Italian sea captain; funded by Spain; he planned to reach the East Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic. Discovered 'America' in 1492. He made 4 voyages across the Atlantic.

Front 2

colony

Back 2

group of people who settle in a distrant land but are still ruled by the government of their native land (Columbus created the first spanish colony in the Americas - Hispaniola)

Front 3

Turning point

Back 3

moment in histroy that marks a decisive change. Eurose saw new lands as a place they could settle, trade and grow rich; native Americans died from European diseases or harsh working conditions

Front 4

circumnavigate

Back 4

sail completely around the word

Front 5

Columbian Exchange

Back 5

The encounter between the peoples of Eastern and Western hemispheres sparked a global exchange of goods and ideas (food, medicine, govt, technology, language). It started with the voyages of Columbus

Front 6

What was exchanged? How did it affect both the societies of the Old and New World?

Back 6

Europenns brought chickens, pigs, cattle, horses - when horses escaped, Indians learned to ride them; brought diseases (small pox) that native americans had no resistance to. Native Americans intorduced Euroepans to new customs and food - corn, potatoes, tomatoes, pineapples, blueberries. Changed the world's diets as Europeans traveled around the world with these new foods. NA showed Europeans how to snowshoe, trpa fur bearing animals (beaver)

Front 7

Conquistadors

Back 7

conquerors of the Americas (1500's) - came in search of glory and gold, to get rich

Front 8

Peter Minuit

Back 8

Dutch; bought Manhattan Island from local Indians; called it New Amsterdam; became a busy port

Front 9

Cause

Back 9

Europeans want more goods from Asia
Muslms gain control of trade between Europe and Asia
Euope looks for sea route to Asia
Columbus reaches America

Front 10

Effects

Back 10

Spain builds empire in America
Eng/French/Dutch build colonies in North America
Millions of Native americans die from "European' diseases
Slave trades bring African slaves to Americas
Foods from Americas introduced into Europe

Front 11

Effects Today

Back 11

US is multicultural society
American foods -- corn, potatoes, are important to people's diets around the world

Front 12

Roanoke Island (1)

Back 12

First English settlement funded by Sir Walter Raleight; in 1within a year the colonists had run out of food and were fighting with Indians - all went home to England

Front 13

Roanoke Island (2)

Back 13

1587 - John White came back; when supplies ran low went back leaving behind 1l7 colonists; he did not come back for 3 years (due to war)

Front 14

Roanoke Island (3)

Back 14

When he came back, settlement was empty and quite. On a tree, the word Croatoan (name of nearby island) was carved; never got to investigate since storm was blowing. Still a mystery

Front 15

Roanoke Island (4)

Back 15

Lack of food and supplies
Fighting with Indians
War at home with Spain interferred with return trip

Front 16

Jamestown - why is it historically significant?

Back 16

King of England gave Virginia Co. charter to settle in Virginia (gave them the same rights as English citizens)

Front 17

charter

Back 17

legal document giving certain rights to a person or company

Front 18

Jamestown (2)

Back 18

Names Jamestown after the English king
Area was swampy, water was unhealthy, mosquitoes spread malaria, many settlers died

Front 19

Jamestown (3)

Back 19

Council of 13 men chosen to rule the settlement fought with one another & litrtle was done to plan for the colony's future; faced starvation

Front 20

Jamestown (4)

Back 20

Capt. John Smith - set up stern rules that forced colonists to work if they wishe to eat; got corn from the Indians, but fought alot with them.
Finally began to grow tobacco; England imports 30,00 pds/year and the colony succeeds.

Front 21

Jamestown (5)

Back 21

Virginia Company begins to establish a more stable govt.; male settlersto elect burgesses (representatives to the govt); met in House of Burgesses; made laws for the colony; makred the beginning of representative govt in English colonies (voters elect representatives to make laws for them)

Front 22

Magna Carter vs. Mayflower Compact?

Back 22

Pilgrims found themselves without a govterment, they banded together themselves to make laws (landed in Cape Cod, not Virginia so had no govt); Magna Carter - English nobles and church leaders had voting rights (not ordinary people)

Front 23

Why Pilgrims came to America?

Back 23

no freedom of religion; constant wars over religion; Rulers supported 'established church' to maintain order; persecuted people who did not follow the religion (punish people because of their beliefs)

Front 24

Protestant Reformation

Back 24

movement to refrom the Catholic Church in 1500s; Martin Luther led the movement; led to many different christian churches

Front 25

Established church

Back 25

chosen religion (Prot vs. Cath)

Front 26

Pizarro

Back 26

Spanish; salied down the Pacific coast of so. American w/ 200 soldiers caputed the Incan emperor and killed him; the Incan empire collapsed

Front 27

Bering Land Bridge

Back 27

During the last ice age, glaciers covered almost one third of the earth. It casused sea leav els to fall and uncovered land. In the far north this land bridge joined Siberia to Alaska. Bands of hunters traced animals for food over this land bridge and settled in the Americas.

Front 28

Astrolabe and Compass

Back 28

Astrolabe: a navigation instrument which helped sailors determine their latitude (distance north or south of the equator) while at sea.
Compass: A directional instrument with a special needle that always pointed north and hleped ships stay on course.

Front 29

Crusades

Back 29

Series of wars fought by Christians to control the Holy Lnad (Jerusalem and other places where Jesus had lived and taught). Mulsims had controlled this region for centries.

Front 30

Crusades(2)

Back 30

They had important effects on Europe. Crusaders traveled beyond thie villages and came into contact with other civilizations. They tasted new foods (rice, dates, new spices) and gooods (rugs, sild). Returning Crusaders brought these goods home; Merchants outfitted ships and increased trade with the Muslims. Also brough new knowledge - sailing sills, compass, astrolabe

Front 31

Primary source

Back 31

Firsthand information about people or events (diaries, letters, artifacts)

Front 32

Secondary source

Back 32

An account provided after the fact by people who did not directly witness or participate in the event (books, biographies written by historians, textbooks)

Front 33

Why did Spnaish bring African Americans to the New world and what was this the start of?

Back 33

Spanish needed workers for the farms, mines and ranches. So many Native Americans were killed (disease and harsh working conditions), Spanish colonists brought Africans as slaves. This was the start of slavery in the Americas.

Front 34

New Netherland

Back 34

settled around Hudson River; rvial with the French in the fur trade

Front 35

New France

Back 35

St. Lawrence River

Front 36

What major US City was called New Amsterdam

Back 36

New York City (Manhattan Island)

Front 37

What was the relationship between all European settlers and Native Americans?

Back 37

Full of conflict
Killed by disease
Fur trade increased warfare
Forced them off their lands
Forced them to work on farms, mines under harsh conditions
Sold them guns and alcohol

Front 38

What the views on Columbus and why?

Back 38

Viewed as discovered America, but Native Americans were already here;
Europe knew nothing about the Americas until Columbus
Settlers felt they were superior to the Indians; Exchange of food and cultures was positive for both sides; disease killed alot of Native Americans

Front 39

What was the result of the Spanish Colonization/

Back 39

Columbian Exchange - aprked a global exchange of goods and ideas between Eastern and Western worlds

Front 40

How did the Dutch infleunce modern NYC?

Back 40

Duch welcomed people of all nations and religions to their colony; built trading posts along the River; became known for their good business sense; brought customs from home (ice skating), Saint Nick birthday (kids put their shoes out for presents) became Santa Claus; Dutch words for boss, cookie and sleighs became part of our English language.