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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Republican |
Supports the idea of a government in which the power is held by the people and their elected representatives. Elected president instead of monarch |
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United Empire Loyalists |
People who remained loyal to the crown during the American revolution |
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Land speculator
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Someone who looks for land to buy and flip for more money |
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tenant farmers |
someone who farms land rented to him |
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War of 1812 |
War between Britain and America after Britain created restrictive trading laws |
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American Revolution |
Revolution in which the monarchy was rejected in favour of a republic |
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steerage class |
immigrants put on ships cheaply with terrible living conditions |
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Ethnic make-up of Canada in the 1800s
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60% English speaking, 30 % French, 10% other |
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Upper Canada |
Made up of Southern Ontario |
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Lower Canada |
Modern Day Quebec to Labrador |
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Tariffs |
taxes put on goods imported from outside of Canada |
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Underground Railroad |
network of safehouses and paths to help the slaves get out of America to Canada |
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Responsible Government |
Government that represents the wants and needs of the people
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veto |
the right of someone with power (governor) to reject a decision made by a lawmaking body(legislative assembly) |
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seigneurial system |
System in which land owners would rent out land for people to farm on |
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Executive/Legislative councils |
council that consists of a governor and representatives for the native population |
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Governor |
person who directs and controls Canada |
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Legislative Assembly |
Made laws, but subject to Governor's vetos |
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Industrial Revolution |
Revolution that was the transition to new manufacturing processes from 1760 to 1840 |
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Chateau Clique |
Oligarchic group of wealthy families in lower Canada |
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Family Compact |
Oligarchic group of wealthy families in Upper Canada |
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patriotes |
French Canadians that contributed to the rebellions of 1837/38 |
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Battle of St. Eustache |
Battle between Canadian Government and Patriote rebels: Government won, Upper/Lower Canada unified |
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Battle o Montgomery's Tavern |
Battle between British/ Patriotes: Patriotes won
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Clergy Reserve |
Parcels of land reserved for the church |
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Crown Reserve |
Parcels of land reserved for the government |
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William Lyon Mackenzie |
Upper Canada Rebellion Patriote Leader |
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Louis-Joseph Papineau |
Lower Canada Rebellion Patriote Leader |
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Causes of 1837/38 rebellion |
frustrations with government. Wanted responsible government |
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Recommendations of Durham's report |
Upper/Lower Canada should unite together. Responsible Government |
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Rebellion Losses Bill |
Reimbursed damaged property with taxpayer's money. Angered some, who burned parliament buildings |
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Ending of Corn Laws |
Corn Laws = tariffs on imported grain. People didn't like them, so repealed |
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depression |
economic recession |
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treason |
crime of betraying country (government overthrown)
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Oligarchy |
Small group of people with power (Family Compact, Chateau Clique) |
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Why Ottawa good capital |
compromise |
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Why Kingston good capital |
good defensive site |
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why Montreal good capital |
rich and bilingual |
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why Toronto good capital |
I don't swagging know |
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why Quebec good capital |
history as capital, river for transportation |
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Political problems in Canada before Confederation |
English/French halves had greatly different ideas of how canada should be run, leaders thought joining other colonies might help |
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The Great Coalition |
Combined Upper and Lower Canada in 1864 |
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Fenian Raids |
Fenian Brotherhood wanted Ireland separated from Britian. Attempted to capture Canada as a bargaining chip, but their efforts were thwarted. |
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American pressures for Confederation |
American civil war, wanted Westward expansion, wanted transcontinental railway |
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British pressures for Confederation |
Wanted no obligations to Canada Didn't want to fight Murica |
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Federalism |
A union of provinces where a central federal government rules over the provincial governments |
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Three Confederation Conferences + Objectives
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Charlettetown Conference: Maritime Union = Joining New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and P.E.I.
Quebec Conference: Province of Anada, Newfoundland, and maritime union
London Conference: Everything approved, began drafting British North America Act |
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British North America Act |
Creation of federal dominon. sets framework for Government, like structure, justice system, taxation system |
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Great Plains |
Big, flat, great farmland |
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Western Mountains/ Cordillera |
Mountains, north.south. Bad farm land |
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Canadian Shield |
Rocky, oldest land |
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HBC and NWC |
Competition quickly depleted fur supply
Merged into one company, got more land
became led by George Simpson |
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Potato Blight |
Period of time in Ireland filled with Starvation, disease, and then immigration to Canada in reponse to the inability to grow potatos |
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portage |
carrying a boat over land between two bodies of water |
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Pemmican War |
Governor of Red River Colony sent out proclamation to limit how many buffalo the Metis were killing. Metis ignored, continued killing buffalo, and making them into pemmican. Governor confiscated NWC's pemmican. Metis and NWC waged war. |
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Voyageurs |
Boatmen employed by fur companies to transport goods/passengers to/from trading posts |
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Red River Colony |
Colony occupied by the Metis and the Northwest Company |
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Causes of Red River Rebellion |
William MdDougall ordered survey party to check out Red River Colony Metis were anxious: didnt possess right to land, used Seigneurial system
Took survey to mean that there would be more Canadiam migration to region
Saw as threat to way of life: Farms, language, religion, discrimination, etc |
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Provisional Government |
A temporary government set up when the old one has collapsed, until a new one is made |
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Demands of Metis and First Nations in the 2nd Riel Rebellion |
Rights to land, Representatives in the Senate / House of Commons / Annual payment to the Colony |
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Battle of Duck Lake, Fish Creek, and Batoche |
Second Riel Rebellion battles: Duck Lake = Metis Victory, Fish Creek = Metis Victory, Batoche = Canadian Victory |
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Scrip |
Certificate entitling holder to portions of public land |
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National Policy |
Railroad / Western expansion, settlement of prairies / tariffs |
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Van Horne |
Man behind the Canadian Pacific Railway |
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54 40 |
Boundary between Alaska and BC. Object of contention, as both Canada and America wanted land. |
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James Douglas |
Worked for NWC, then HBC. First Governor of BC. Prohibited selling alohol to natives |
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Cariboo Gold Rush |
BC's Gold Rush: 1860 (Barkerville) |
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Smallpox |
Infectious disease: Major version had mortality rate of like 30% Natives experienced outbreak, as their immune systems were new to it |
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Head Tax |
Canada wanted to discourage Chinese immigration after CPR's completion, so they made them pay ridiculous prices to get in (like 2 years of work) |
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Klondike Gold Rush |
Yukon's Gold Rush: 1896
About 100,000 people migrated to Yukon |
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Economic Regions of BC |
Cariboo, Kootenays, Mainland/ Southwest, Nechako, North Coast, Northeast, Thompson-Okanagan, Vancouver Island/Coast |
