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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gordon Allports definition of social psychology |
attempt to understand how thoughts feelings and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual imagined and implied presence of others
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Norman Triplett
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competition affects performance
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dynamogenesis
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Norman Triplett; perform better in head to head comp
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freudiasm
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behavior is internally developed
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behaviorism
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learning and the role of extended stimuli.
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john b watson
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1) experimental methods
2) environmental factors |
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George Herbert mead
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laid the ground work for social psych; block interaction theory.
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Muzafu Sherif
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conformity to norms groups got closer while competing against other groups.
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exchange theory
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people stay in a relationship if they are rewarded profit=rewards-costs
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Kurt lewin
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"field theory" stressed both the importance of person and environment "here and now" theory and application for full understanding
constant interchange between lab and field. |
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john dollard
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caste and class in a southern town
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caste
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ascribed status
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class
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achieved status
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prof defn of theory
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an attempt to explain how things work.
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role
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behavior someone performs when occupying a particular position
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role expectation
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the assumption that people who occupy a certain role act in a certain way.
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norms
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general expectation of behavior that are learned
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role conflict
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intrarole interole
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intralrole
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within the same (can't be two places at once)
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Lieberman
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union. different views in different positions
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self concept
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how you see yourself
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looking glass self
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Cooley; how we see ourselves is a reflection of how we think people see us.
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the self
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basic interaction with others
how do I appear how are you judging me how do I feel about the way I think you're judging me. |
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erving goffman
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role distance
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dis-identifier
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stigma breaks up perceptions of you
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reinforcement theory
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stimulus response reward reinforcement
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stimulus
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external internal event that causes a change in someone's behavior
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stimulus generalization
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one responds to a new stimulus in the same way that one has responded to a stimulus similarly in the past. (twin aunts, like one youll like both)
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stimulus discrimination
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making distinctions among stimuli
respond differently once you realize they're not the same. |
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Neal miller and john dollard
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theory of learning based on immitation use for further learning. stim, response, reward, reinforcement
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Albert bandure
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social learning occurs through direct response consequencds , through observing
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social exch theory
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interactions among people depend on reward and costs
people will seek relationships that promise rewards. |
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George c homaus
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people are basically hedonistic (pleasure seeking) max pleasure min pain.
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cognitive theory
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knowledge acquired through experience are organized into cognitive structure.
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gestalt theorists |
stressed perception thought: whole is greater than the sum of the parts
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phenomilogical sociology |
we can only understand peoples behavior by understanding how that person sees the world |
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cognition |
knowledge acquired through experience cognitions are organized into cognitive structure |
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cognitive consistency theory |
we want all of our attitudes to remain teh same
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Norman Triplet |
Archival data
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dynamogenesis |
kids wind fishing poles faster against other kids than by themselves |
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deindividuation |
a situation reflective of relative ananylinity |
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leBon |
crowd behavior |
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Zimbardo |
groups of 4 students lap |
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Zimbardo and Fraser |
2 cars left in different settings (field Exp) |
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Watson |
HRAF Human relations area files
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Gross And Doob |
field exp. soc psych grad students. junker vs nice car, which one would get honked at if holding up traffic
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Deaux and Emswiller: |
Lab Exp. Student assitants as evaluators of the performance of student subjects male and female (sexism) |
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intervening variable |
an explanation, may come before or between |
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lab exp advantages |
control independent variables control the way dependent variables are expressed convenience ability to randomize |
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demand characteristics |
disadvantage to lab exp. people try to give you what they want you to think
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manipulation check |
do my subjects see the situation in the same way that i intend for them to see it |
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generalizability artificial |
what happens in the real world may not be the same in the lab, irrelevant to the real world |
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Smith Gier Willis |
touch cross species |
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independent in Smith Gier Willis |
touch vs untouched |
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Dependent in Smith Gier Willis |
trying and buying |
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Social Knowledge |
form impressions of people (sometimes accurate, sometimes inaccurate) |
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buckout |
how active peoples recall is |
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cential traits |
influence how we see people |
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solomon asch |
cold/warmth demensions |
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organizing impressions |
when people have certain characteristics we assume they have others |
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implicit personality theories |
what traits are associated withe one another |
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Rosenberg and Sediak |
studied college students, intelligent and friendly self centered and lazy |
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prototypes |
personality |
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stereotypes |
not necessarily negative, group membership |
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walter lippman |
started talking about stereotypes as pictures in our head |
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park and rothbart |
asked about members of other sororities |
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in-group |
individual characteristics |
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illusory correlation |
we think a relationship is stronger than it really is or that one exists when it really doesnt |
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sorrentino and bautillier |
put yourself in another's situation tend to be less judgmental
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information overload |
demands on our cognitive system are greater than its capacity |
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representativeness |
judging by resemblance |
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representativeness heuristic |
make a judgment based on the more an individual seems to resemble or match a certain group, the more she or he is liekly to belong to that group |
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availability heuristic |
strategy for making judgments on the basis of how easily specific kinds of info can be brought to mind
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anchoring and adjustment |
a heuristic that invloves the tendency to deal with uncertainty in many situations |
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social cognition |
how we think about other people and events |
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conditions of uncertainty |
where the correct answer is not obivious |
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schemas |
mental framework for organizing social info |
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priming |
a situation that occurs when stimuli or events increase the availability in memory consciousness of specific types of information held in memory |
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unpriming |
the fact that the effects of the schemas tend to persist until they are somehow expressed in thought or behavior and only then do their effects decrease |
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perseverance |
the tendency for beliefs and schemas to remain unchanged even in the face of contradictory information |
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metaphor |
a linguistic device that relates or draws a comparison between one abstract concept and another dissimilar concept |
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automatic process |
occurs when after extensive experience with a task or type of information, we reach the stage where we can perform the task or process the info in a seemingly effortless, automatic and nonconscious manner |
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choice architecture |
where the best alternative for most people is strategically places that people who are autmatically processing are more likely to select that option |
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optimistic bias |
our predisposition to expect things to turn out well |
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overconfidence barrier |
the tendency to have more confidence in the accuracy of our own judgments than is reasonable |
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planning fallacy |
tendency to make optimistic predictions concerning how long a given task will take for completion |
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counterfactual thinking |
imagine the other outcomes in a situation than the ones actually occurred "what couldve been" |
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terror management |
our efforst to come to terms with certainty of our own death and its unsettling iimplications |
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moodcongruence effect |
the fact that we are more likely to store or remember positive info when in a postivie mood and negative info when in a bad mood |
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mood dependent memory |
the fact that what we remember while in a given mood may be determined in part by what we learn while previously in that mood |
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affective forecasts |
predictions about how we would feel about events that we have not actually experienced |
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attribution |
the process by which we seek to identify the causes of others behavior and so gain knowledge of their stable traits and dispositions |
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impression formation |
the process through which we form impressions of others |
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impression management |
efforts by individuals to produce favorable first impressions of others. |
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systemic obs |
carefully observing behaviors as they occcur |
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survey method |
ask large number of questions of people about their behavior |
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correlaton |
what variables relate to eachother |
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independent |
varied |
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dependent |
studied |
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social psych defn |
the scientific field that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior feelings, thought and social situations |
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social psych in scientific nature |
accuracy, objectivity, skepticisim, open-mindedness |
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cognitive |
reaction depends on memories of similar situation |
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environment |
smells, fullmoon, etc |
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evolutionary psychology |
evolution helps us deal with probles |
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behavior |
how people act in social situations |
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cognition |
how people attempt to make sense of the social world |
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anxious attachment |
anxiety over losing a partner and inability to get as close as partners would perfer |
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implicit |
we dont know why we think certain ways |
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social diversity, |
gender age ethnicity sex |
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multicultural perspective |
culture factors on behavior |
