Social Psychology Chapter 3

Front 1

Priming

Back 1

A technique whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention

Front 2

Embodied Cognition

Back 2

Reflects the argument that the motor system influences our cognition, just as mind influences bodily actions

Front 3

Automatic Processing (Implicit)

Back 3

Does not require person to be attentive, nor deliberately put in effort to control automatic processes

Front 4

Controlled Processing (Explicit)

Back 4

Intentionally done while we are consciously aware of what we are doing

Front 5

Overconfidence Phenomenon

Back 5

A person's subjective cknfidence in his or her judgements is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgements, especially when confidence is relatively

Front 6

Confirmation bias

Back 6

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories

Front 7

Heuristic

Back 7

Simple, efficient rules which people often use to form judgments and make decisions

Front 8

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 8

Decision-making shortcut that employs use of past experiences to guide the decision-making process

Front 9

Availability Heuristic

Back 9

Mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision.

Front 10

Counterfactual thinking

Back 10

A concept in which human tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred; something that is contrary to what actually happened.

Front 11

Illusory Correlation

Back 11

The assumption that a relationship exists between two variables that are really not related.

Front 12

Regression toward the average

Back 12

The tendency for scores to average out

Front 13

Belief Perseverance

Back 13

The tendency for people to hold their beliefs as true, even when there is ample evidence to discredit the belief.

Front 14

Misinformation effect

Back 14

Occurs when misleading information is incorporated into one's memory after an event.

Front 15

Misattribution

Back 15

The process by which people use information to make inferences about the causes of behavior or events

Front 16

Attribution Theory

Back 16

A theory that supposes that one attempts to understand the behavior of others by attributing feelings, beliefs, and intentions to them.

Front 17

Dispositional Attribution

Back 17

The tendency of assigning the cause or responsibility of a certain behavior or action to the internal characteristic

Front 18

Situational attribution

Back 18

People infer that a person's behavior is due to situational factors.

Front 19

Spontaneous Trait inference

Back 19

Refers to a frequently demonstrated empirical finding. Observing behaviors or reading behavior descriptions gives rise to immediate trait inferences

Front 20

Fundamental Attribution error

Back 20

Our tendency to explain someone's behavior based on internal factors, such as personality or disposition, and to underestimate the influence that external factors, such as situational influences, have on another person's behavior.

Front 21

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

Back 21

Ideas that become reality simply because someone believes them

Front 22

Behavioral Conformation

Back 22

A type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people's social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations