Social Psychology

Front 1

fundamental attribution error

Back 1

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Front 2

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Back 2

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Front 3

cognitive dissonance

Back 3

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent.

for example, when we become aware that our attitudes and actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.

Front 4

social facilitation

Back 4

improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered.

Front 5

social loafing

Back 5

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

Front 6

deindividuation

Back 6

the loss of self-awareness and self-restrait occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Front 7

group polarization

Back 7

the enhancement of a groups prevailing attitude through discussion within a group.

Front 8

groupthink

Back 8

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Front 9

in-group bias

Back 9

the tendency to favor one's own group

Front 10

just-world phenomenon

Back 10

the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Front 11

frustration-agression principle

Back 11

the principle that frustration-theblocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression.

Front 12

socialtraps

Back 12

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

Front 13

mere exposure effect

Back 13

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking them.

Front 14

equity

Back 14

a condition in which people receive ffrom a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.

Front 15

altruism

Back 15

unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

Front 16

bystander effect

Back 16

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Front 17

superordinate goals

Back 17

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Front 18

G.R.I.T. (graduated and reciprocal initiatives in tension-reduction)

Back 18

a strategy designed to decrease international tension

Front 19

social psychology

Back 19

studies way people relate to others

Front 20

social cognition

Back 20

explaining how people think about themselves and others

Front 21

attitude

Back 21

set of beliefs and feelings. evaluative: positive or negative

Front 22

door-in-the-face

Back 22

after people refuse a large request, they will look more favorably upon a follow-up request that seems, in comparison, much more reasonable.

Front 23

self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 23

the expectations we have about others can influence the way those others behave.

Front 24

conformity (Asch)

Back 24

tendency of people to go along with the views and actions of others.

Front 25

obedience (Milgram)

Back 25

willingness to do what another asks them to do.