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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the 2 dimensions of attributions that Heider (1958) came up with? Explain them. |
-Internal: People behave a certain way because of something inside them -External: People behave in a certain way because of something outside them |
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How are attribution measured on how internal or external they are? |
Using a Likhert scale |
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What did Frey and Rogner (1987) find on their study of time spent in hospital after an accident and the attributions the patients made? |
That when patients made internal attributions to themselves about the accident they would take longer in hospital to recuperate. |
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What was found in studies on pessimistic and optimistic people in the same military job? |
That pessimists attributed their bad job down to internal characteristics and tended to have poorer health between 45 and 60 years old. Optimists made external attributions and had better health between 45 and 60. |
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You can train yourself to be optimistic or pessimistic and children that were rained to be optimistic had no change. true or False? |
False: They had less depression and increased success |
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If we behave positively and attribute it to our internal qualities this will improve our self esteem. True or False? |
True |
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If we attribute our successes to internal characteristics we will feel like we have less control. True or False? |
False: We feel like we have more control |
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What is victim blame and why does it happen? |
When victims of a event, e.g Rape, get blamed for their misfortune. We want to believe bad things only happen to bad people. |
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What do we do on a intrapersonal level when making attributions? |
-Examine if this behavior is consistent with how they usually act -If this is the consensus on how they usually act -How distinctive this behavior is to their normal behavior |
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What is the Actor-Observer effect? |
People tend to attribute the causes of their own actions to external causes and others to internal causes |
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What is the Self Serving Bias? |
That people will take credit for their successes but not their failures |
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Westerners favour external explanations whilst Non-Westerners favour internal explanations. True or False? |
False: The other way around |
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People will like letters that are apart of their name more. True or False? |
True: We tend to like people/things more the more we see them. |
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What is the Mere exposure effect? |
That repeated exposure to a stimulus makes it more appealing so the more people are exposed to it the more they like it. |
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What did Reis (1997) find with proximity and personality differences? |
That Increased exposure to people with large differences leads to antagonism and causes a negative initial interaction |
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What did White et al. (1981) find when men ran on the spot? |
That the would rate women as more attractive if they had run on the spot (were more emotional aroused) |
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What did Dutton et al. find in their two studies about people in their emotionally aroused state? |
-People anticipating electric shocks rated the opposite sex as more attractive -Men who had to cross a more dangerous bridge talked more about romance and ask the female experimenter out on a date |
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What did Walter et al. find about blind dates at dances? |
The more attractive you were rated by the observers he more likely it was that your date would like you. |
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Women focus more on the physical attractiveness and male focus more on psychological characteristics. True or False? |
False: Other way around |
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What did Buss (1997) find when people were approached an attractive individual and offered sex? |
90% of men would agree and 10% of women would |
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What are the benefits of being attractive (5)? |
-Parents are less aggressive to attractive children -More likely to get hired -Students get better grades -More likely to get money for tuition from parents (overweight less) -More likely to have more effort put into being saved by paramedics |
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Women feel more conflicted in relationships than men and do worse in divorce, separation and widowhood. True or False? |
False: They do better |
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What a effective way of deal with loneliness? |
Make something valuable out of solitude (hobby) |
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Those who judge loneliness to rise out of transitional, controllable cause overcame it easier. True or False? |
True |
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What were the 3 types of guards in the Stanford Prison experiment? |
-Sadistic -Good -Tough but fair |
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What were the 3 things prisoners displayed in the Stanford experiment? |
-Rebellion -Emotional breakdown -Model prisoner behaviour |
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What was the aim of the Stanford prison experiment? |
To study the behavioral and psychological effects of people being assigned prisioner and guard roles |
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Why was the Stanford prison experiment ended? How long was it meant to run for and how long did it actually run for? |
The head psychologist took his "super-intended" role too seriously 2 weeks and ran for 6 days |
