Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Prosocial behavior/Altruism/Egoistic Helping
|
Prosocial: Helping others
Altruism: Help another even if there is a cost to self Egoistic: Help to increase own welfare |
|
|
Helping from an evolutionary perspective
Kin selection/Reciprocal altruism (connections) |
Evolutionary: Not survival of the fittest but survival of the individuals genes
Kin: Greater chance that genes held in common will survive Reciprocal: Helping other's to increase the likelihood that you'll be helped |
|
|
Reciprocity norm vs. Social responsibility norm
|
Reciprocity: Help others who help you
Social: Help others who are less well off |
|
|
Social-Exchange perspective to helping behavior
(rewards, costs, and equity) Arousal/Cost-Reward model of helping |
People are much more likely to help when the potential rewards of helping seem high relative to the potential costs.
Arousal/Cost-reward model: The proposition that people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce arousal of shock and alarm |
|
|
Empathy-altruistic hypothesis/Factors likely to influence how likely you are to help
|
When we feel empathy for someone, we will attempt to help purely for altruistic reasons. We help for two reasons (Social rewards, experienced distress)
|
|
|
Empathic concern Vs. Relief of person distress
|
Empathic: Motivated by the desire to improve another's welfare
Relief: Motivated by the desire to increase one's own welfare |
|
|
Complex motives that people have for volunteering
|
Values, understanding, personal development, community concern, esteem enhancement
|
|
|
If you lost wallet, where would you be likely to receive help (large city/small down/ differences/ most helpful cities)
|
People are less likely to help strangers in urban areas than in rural ones. The biggest cities seemed to have the worst scores for helping.
Greater population size and density are associated with less helping. |
|
|
(Darley & Batson) Who was more likely to help a confederate slumped in a doorway, coughing and groaning?
Did the type of speech matter? Did pressure of time matter? |
All participants that thought they only knew about the situation left the room to try to get help.
In larger groups, participants were less likely and slower to intervene. 38% in the 6 person group never left the room at all The more bystanders there are, the less likely the victim will be helped |
|
|
Bystander effect/Bystander intervention model
|
Bystander Effect: The presence of others inhibits helping
Bystander intervention model: A careful step-by-step analysis of the decision-making process involved in emergency interventions |
|
|
5 Steps of the process
|
1) Noticing something unusual
2) Interpreting it as an emergency 3) Taking responsibility for getting help 4) Deciding how to help 5) Providing assistance |
|
|
How they inhibit likelihood of help
|
Noticing: Noisy cities (may begin to tune out)
Interpreting: Does this person really need help? Responsibility: Others will intervene Deciding/Providing: Socially awkward, embarrassed to act in public |
|
|
Pluralistic ignorance/Diffusion of responsibility/ Audience inhibition effect
|
Pluralistic: People in group think that their own thoughts are different from those of others
Diffusion: Belief that others will or should take responsibility Audience: Reluctance to help for fear of making bad impression on observers |
|
|
Women in distress study/Smoke study
|
???
|
|
|
Bystander effect occur online? More or less likely when the audience is a group of friends vs. a group of strangers
|
Bystander effect does occur online. It is more likely to occur when it is a group of strangers
|
|
|
How moods (good and bad) affect helping/ Why/ What negative feelings lead to helping and which don't
|
Good mood increases helping to maintain one's good mood or because they have positive thoughts and expectations
Bad mood increases helping because of guilt, focusing on others and when we think about personal values. Bad mood decreases when we blame others for our bad mood, if we become self focused or if we think about our personal values that do not promote |
|
|
Negative State Relief model
|
People who feel bad are motivated to repair their mood and they realize that one way to do it is by helping others
|
|
|
Likely to receive help as a function of:
Their gender Individualist vs. Collectivistic culture How attractive you are How similar to you are to the helper Degree to which they have been expose to role models who help |
Gender: Women receive more help than men (Type of help does matter)
Indi vs. Coll: Collectivists are more likely to help in-group members but less likely to help outgrip members Attractive: Attractive people are more likely to be offered help Similar: People are more helpful to others similar to us Expose: Observing a model increases helping behavior |
|
|
Altruistic personality/Characteristics
|
A person who is more helpful than others
Characteristics: Agreeable and relatively humble |
|
|
Things you can do to increase helping
|
Teach more inclusion, model altruism, increase a sense of similarity, activate concern for self-image
|
|
|
If a victim in an emergency, what should you do to increase the likelihood that someone helps?
|
Increase responsibility in an emergency
|
