Social Psych Final

Front 1

How can error creep in during aquisition?

Back 1

Poor viewing conditions
People see what they expect to see
Focus on weapons
Own-Race bias
Change blindness

Front 2

How can error creep in during storage?

Back 2

Misleading Questions
Source monitoring errors.

Front 3

How can error creep in during retrieval

Back 3

Best guess problem in lineup ID
Negative effects of verbalization

Front 4

What effects reliability of eyewitness testimony

Back 4

High emotion And weapons

Front 5

Own Race Bias

Back 5

People are better at recognizing people from their own race

Front 6

Misinformation Effect

Back 6

Incorporating misinformation into ones memory after recieving misleading information about it

Front 7

Does confidence = Accuracy ?

Back 7

NO

Front 8

What are ways to reduce error in eyewitness testimony

Back 8

Train police interviews
Educate jurors about pitfalls of eyewitness testiomony

Front 9

What factors of a defendants characteristics influence juror judgements?

Back 9

Similarity (racial out groups less favorable)
Understanding legalese

Front 10

How can someone who holds a minority position effect juries.

Back 10

Jurors in the minority will be more persuasive.

Front 11

Define Health

Back 11

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.

Front 12

Biomedical model of health

Back 12

Absense of illness and symptoms

Front 13

Biopsychosocial Model of health

Back 13

Symptoms can arise from multiple avenues.

Front 14

Locus of control on Health

Back 14

Unrealistic optimism and higher self-efficacy have a strong positive effect on health.
Presence of choice increases overall health

Front 15

Cultural differences of locus of control

Back 15

Locus of control and health is more important for western cultures

Front 16

How does self-efficacy impact health?

Back 16

Shown to predict the ability to quit smoking, lose weight, lower cholesterol and exercise regularly.

Front 17

What persuasion techniques are used to promote health behaviors

Back 17

Attractiveness and fear tactics. moderate levels work best

Front 18

Gain-Frame Messaging

Back 18

"If you do this behavior you can gain this."
(More effective)

Front 19

Loss Frame Messaging

Back 19

"If you don't do this, negative things could happen.

Front 20

Relationship between stress and health

Back 20

Stress has a large effect on health and has been shown to increase risks of cold.

Front 21

Emotional Coping

Back 21

Trying to manage your emotions in the face of stress.

Front 22

Problem-focused Coping

Back 22

Trying to modify the stressful problem or source of stress

Front 23

Avoidant Coping

Back 23

Taking action to avoid having to deal with the problem by procrastinating or through prioritizing.

Front 24

Fight or Flight Coping

Back 24

Responding to stress by either attacking the source of the stress or fleeing from it.

Front 25

Tend and Befriend coping

Back 25

Responding to stress with nurturing activities designed to protect oneself and one's offspring (tending) and creating social networks that provide protection from threats (befriending)

Front 26

Social Support Coping

Back 26

People who have someone to lean on deal better with life's poblems and show improved health.

Front 27

Effective Coping

Back 27

Turn threat into challenge
Modify attitude
Change goals
Take physical action
Prepare for stress before it happens.

Front 28

How do we resolve social dilemmas?

Back 28

Make a public committment

Front 29

Injunctive Norm

Back 29

A norm expressed as an attitude

Front 30

Descriptive Norm

Back 30

A norm expressed as an action

Front 31

Materialism and Happiness

Back 31

Correlation drops off at $10,000 per person.

Front 32

Why does materialism fail to satisfy us?

Back 32

Because our human capacity for adaptation.

Front 33

What makes us happy?

Back 33

Close relationships
Engaging activty that works toward a goal
Faith communities
volunteer orgnizations and helping others

Front 34

What is social psych?

Back 34

Study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Front 35

Is Social Psych common sense?

Back 35

No--Hindsight Bias

Front 36

Basic Research and applied research

Back 36

Basic: Focuses on fundamental principles being tested

Applied research: Solve social problems.

Front 37

Self-Serving Bias

Back 37

Excuse our failures and credit our successes.

Front 38

Self-presentation

Back 38

Controlling the impression people form of us.

Front 39

Self-Schema

Back 39

A mental template by which we organize our worlds

Front 40

Why Schemas?

Back 40

Organize and guide behavior

Front 41

Locus of control

Back 41

The source of your motivation. Internal and Extenal

Front 42

Social Cognition

Back 42

The encoding, storage, retrieval and processing of information in the brain.

Front 43

Overconfidence phenomenon

Back 43

When someone's subjective confidence in their judgements is reliably greater than their objective accuracy.

Front 44

Confirmation bias

Back 44

Tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypotheses.

Front 45

Belief perseverance

Back 45

An unwillingness to admit that their foundational premises are incorrect even when presented with convincing evidence to the contrary.

Front 46

Attribution error

Back 46

People tendency to place an undue heavy emphasis on internal characteristics to explain someone elses behavior in a given situation, rather than thinking about external situational factors.

Front 47

Self-serving Bias

Back 47

Any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self esteem.

Front 48

Self-fullfilling prophecy

Back 48

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true.

Front 49

ABC's of Attitude

Back 49

Affect: Involves a person's feeligns or emotions about the atittude
Behavior: The way the attitudes we have influence how we act or behave.
Cognition: Involves a person's belief/knoeldge about an attitude or object.

Front 50

Self-Presentation Theory

Back 50

We want to appear consistent
We care what others think
Making a good impression facilitates this

Front 51

Self-Justification theory / Cognitive Dissonance

Back 51

When a person encounters a situation in which a persons behavior is inconsistent with their beliefs, the person will justify the behavior and deny any negative feedback.

Front 52

Self-Perception theory

Back 52

Developing attitude by observing your own behavior.

Front 53

Conformity

Back 53

Change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined pressure.

Front 54

Compliance

Back 54

Conforming to other peoples behavior publicly without necessarily believing in what we are doing or saying.

Front 55

Obedience

Back 55

Acting in accord with a direct order or command

Front 56

Acceptance

Back 56

Conforming to other peoples behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doign or saying is right

Front 57

Normative Socail Influence

Back 57

Provides rules for social behavior

Front 58

Informational Social Influence

Back 58

Occurs when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people. (Think of a teacher)

Front 59

Persuasion

Back 59

Process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

Front 60

Peripheral Route

Back 60

A simple surface level message. (attractiveness)

Front 61

Central Route

Back 61

Occurs when interested or motivated people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. (usually a written mode of media)

Front 62

How to resist Persuasion

Back 62

Challenging beliefs and developing counter arguments.

Front 63

What is a group

Back 63

Two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needsa nd goals cause them to influence each other.

Front 64

Social facilitation

Back 64

Strengthening of dominant responses whether correct or incorrect in the presense of others.

Front 65

Social loafing

Back 65

Tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable.

Front 66

Group polarization

Back 66

Group-produced enhancement of members pre-existing tendencies

Front 67

Risky Shift

Back 67

After participating in a group discussion, group members tend to advocate more extreme positions.

Front 68

Pluralistic Ignorance

Back 68

A false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding.

Front 69

What are stereotypes

Back 69

How we think about a group of people

Front 70

Prejudice

Back 70

Preconcieved negative judgements of a group or its members

Front 71

ABC's of prejudice, discrimination and stereotypes

Back 71

Affect: Prejudice
Behavior: Stereotype
Cognition: Discrimination

Front 72

Frusteration Aggression theory

Back 72

Frustration triggers a readines to aggress.

Front 73

Social Identity Theory

Back 73

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Front 74

Group-serving bias

Back 74

Dismissing positive acts by an outgroup as a special case

Front 75

Just world phenomenon

Back 75

People get what they deserve

Front 76

Sources of prejudice

Back 76

Social inequity
Socialization
Institutional supports

Front 77

Consequences of prejudice

Back 77

Self perpetuating
Prejudice guides our attention and memory

Front 78

Reducing prejudice

Back 78

Create cooperative
equal status relationships
Mandate non-discrimination

Front 79

Define aggression

Back 79

Intentional behavior aimed at doing harm or causing pain to another person

Front 80

Instrumental aggresion

Back 80

Aggression as a means to a goal

Front 81

Hostile aggression

Back 81

Aggression stemming from feeligns of anger and aimed at inflicting pain

Front 82

Biological theory of aggerssion

Back 82

chemical imbalance in amygdala

Front 83

When does frustration occur?

Back 83

when a goal-directed behavior is blocked

Front 84

Learned social behavior

Back 84

The idea that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating it.

Front 85

Sources of aggression

Back 85

relative deprivation
Learned through media
Culture

Front 86

Reducing aggression

Back 86

Rewarding nonaggressive behavior as opposed to punishing aggressive behavior

Front 87

What influences attraction?

Back 87

Proximity
Similarity
Liking

Front 88

Reward theory of attraction

Back 88

Theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whome we associate with rewarding events.

Front 89

Sternberg's Love Theory include

Back 89

Intimacy (liking)
Passion (infatuation)
Decision/committment (empty love)

Front 90

Two factor theory of emotion

Back 90

States that "arousal and its label = Emotion"

Front 91

Social exchange theory

Back 91

This states that interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's reward and minimze ones costs

Front 92

Egoism

Back 92

You help someone to increase your own welfare

Front 93

Empathy-Altruism hypothosis

Back 93

The relationship between feeling for another and helping that person in need

Front 94

When will we help

Back 94

1. Notice the event
2. Interpret the even as an emergency
3. Assume responsibility
4. Know the appropriate form of assistance
5. Implement decision.

Front 95

Pluralistic ignorance

Back 95

Tendency of a group to collectively hold back from helping in an ambiguous situation.

Front 96

Diffusion of responsbility

Back 96

When an individual is less likely to take responsibility for a situation when others are present.

Front 97

Social Dilemma

Back 97

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will, if chsoen by most people, have harmful effects on everyone

Front 98

Commons dilemma

Back 98

When everyone takes from a common pool of goods that will replenish if used in moderation but iwll disappear if overused.

Front 99

Resoruce dilemma

Back 99

The whole group benefits if some individual contributes, but individuals can profit if they take advantage of resources without contributing.

Front 100

What causes conflict

Back 100

A percieved incompatability of goals