Social Psych Exam 3

Front 1

Aspects of a group

Back 1

Interact
Influence
Perceive as "us"

Front 2

Social facilitation effect

Back 2

The strengthening of dominant responses owing to the presence of others.
-Boosts performance on easy tasks.
-Hurts performance on hard tasks

Front 3

Evaluation apprehension

Back 3

Concern for how others are evaluating us.

Front 4

What are the ways we are aroused in the presence of others

Back 4

Evaluation apprehension.
Distraction
Mere presence

Front 5

Distraction

Back 5

We become 'overloaded' trying to focus on others and our task.

Front 6

Mere presence

Back 6

Presence of others without evaluation apprehension or distraction still causes arousal.

Front 7

Evaluation apprehension vs. mere presence

Back 7

Evaluation apprehension increases arousal more than mere presence.

Front 8

Social loafing occurs when:

Back 8

-evaluation apprehension decreases
-individual accountability cannot be assessed.
-responsibility is diffused across group.

Front 9

Social loafing is reduced when:

Back 9

task is challenging, appealing, involving
group is friends vs. strangers.

Front 10

Deindivduation

Back 10

Group situations that foster anonymity, leading individuals to lose self-awareness and evaluation apprehension.

Front 11

Devindividuation- contributing factors

Back 11

Group size
Physical anonymity
arousing and distracting activities
Diminished self-awareness (ie alcohol)

Front 12

Group polarization

Back 12

Group-produced enhancement of pre-existing tendencies.
Group intensify opinions

Front 13

Risky shift

Back 13

What they called group polarization

Front 14

What causes group polarization?

Back 14

-informational influence
-normative influence

Front 15

Informational influence

Back 15

Desire to be right.
- More info available
- More arguments discussed

Front 16

Normative influence

Back 16

Desire to be liked
- Tendency to increase strength of our opinion when it matches groups opinion.

Front 17

What happens at all boys/all girls school.

Back 17

All boys- Became more competitive & action oriented.
All girls- Become more social.

Front 18

Groupthink definition

Back 18

Tendency to suppress group think and increase group harmony, sacrificing realistic thinking/decision making.

Front 19

Groupthink Ingredients

Back 19

-Cohesive group
-Isolation from dessenters
-Directive leaders

Front 20

Groupthink symptoms

Back 20

-Overestimating 'right' and 'might'
-Close-mindedness
-Pressure toward uniformity

Front 21

Aspects of Overestimating 'right' and 'might'

Back 21

-Illusion of invulnerability
-Unquestioned belief in groups morality.

Front 22

Aspects of closemindedness

Back 22

-Rationalization
-Stereotyped view of opponent

Front 23

Pressure toward uniformity (aspects of)

Back 23

-Conformity pressure
-Self censorship
-Illusion of unanimity
-Mindguards

Front 24

Mindguards

Back 24

Some members protect the group from information that would call into question groups decisions or morality.

Front 25

Prevent groupthink

Back 25

-Be impartial
-Encourage critical evaluation
-Occasionally subdivide the group, then reunite to air differences.
-Welcome outside critiques
-Before implementation, call meeting to air any lingering doubts.

Front 26

Effective minority

Back 26

-Consistent, unwavering.
-Confident
-Defection -Punctures the illusion of majority unanimity.

Front 27

What is prejudice

Back 27

An attitude- Negative prejudgement of a group and it's members

Front 28

What is a stereotype?

Back 28

A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people.

Front 29

Stereotypes tend to be?

Back 29

-overgeneralized
-inaccurate
-resistant to new information

Front 30

Discrimination

Back 30

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and it's members

Front 31

Racism

Back 31

-Prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race.
-Institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given race.

Front 32

Sexism

Back 32

-Prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex.
-Institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex.

Front 33

Sources of prejudice

Back 33

Social
Emotional
Cognitive

Front 34

Unequal status and prejudice

Back 34

Unequal status breeds prejudice. Ex. Masters view slaves as lazy, irresponsible, lacking ambition.

Front 35

Religion and prejudice

Back 35

People who identify themselves as religious tend to express prejudice.
People who attend church tend to have less.

Front 36

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 36

Belief that leads to it's own fulfillment.

Front 37

Stereotype threat

Back 37

A disruptive concern, when facing a negative stereotype, that one will verify the stereotype.

Front 38

Conformity

Back 38

People maintain prejudice of the group out of the need to be liked

Front 39

Scapegoat theory

Back 39

When frustrated we look for someone in the outgroup to blame.

Front 40

Authoritarian personality

Back 40

prejudice against many groups.
harsh childhood.
obsessed with power.
intolerant of ambiguity

Front 41

Group serving bias

Back 41

When it was ingroup pushing ingroup, they are playing. when outgroup pushing outgroup then were aggressive.

Front 42

The Just World Phenonmenon

Back 42

They deserved it.

Front 43

When do stereotypes NOT bias judgment of individuals?

Back 43

If our stereotypes are weak (vs. strong).
If we have distinctive information about the individual.

Front 44

What makes us angry? (hierarchy)

Back 44

-Level of damage (#1)
-Intentions of harm-doers (#2)
-Person's ability to have prevented the damage (#3)

Front 45

Aggression

Back 45

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

Front 46

Assertiveness

Back 46

Self-assured, energetic, go-getting behavior.

Front 47

Types of aggression

Back 47

-Hostile (hot)- driven by anger, and performed as an end in itself.
-Instrumental (cold)- aggression that is a means to some other end (getting wallet, because want money)

Front 48

Theories of aggression

Back 48

-Instinct theory (somewhat debunked)
-frustration-aggression theory (revised), triggers readiness to aggression.
-Social learning theory

Front 49

Biological influences for aggression

Back 49

Neural- Parts of the brain can act like a switch, can happen with tumor.
Genetic- We can breed animals to be more or less aggressive.
Biochemical- like under the influence.

Front 50

Observational learning

Back 50

subset of social learning.
- Like Bandura's Bobo
- Families with a history of abuse.

Front 51

The rewards of aggression

Back 51

Bullies- the means justifies the ends.
Terrorists- Kill one, frighten 10 thousand.

Front 52

Influences on aggression

Back 52

Aversive incidents
Heat
Pain
Crowding
Attacks
Arousal - like exercise
Aggression cues- guns

Front 53

Media influences

Back 53

Porn- only sexual violence
TV
Video Games

Front 54

Catharsis

Back 54

Doesn't reduce aggression

Front 55

Group influences

Back 55

Can amplify agression (social contagion)
-Diffusing responsibility

Front 56

Social contagion

Back 56

Group fed arousal, disinhibition, and polarization.

Front 57

Catharsis

Back 57

Doesn't reduce aggression

Front 58

Group influences

Back 58

Can amplify agression (social contagion)
-Diffusing responsibility

Front 59

Social contagion

Back 59

Group fed arousal, disinhibition, and polarization.