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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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priming
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activating particular associations in memory
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belief perseverance
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persistence of one's initial conceptions (basis for one's belief is discredited but explanation of why the belief might be true survives)
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misinformation effect
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incorporating "misinformation" into one's memory of the event, after witnessing an event and receiving misleading information about it
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intuition
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knowing something without reasoning or analysis
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controlled processing
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"explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious
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automatic processing
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"implicit" thinking that is effortless, habitual, and without awareness (like intuition)
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illusion
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perceptual misinterpretations, fantasies, constructed beliefs
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overconfidence phenomenon
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tendency to be more confident than correct; overestimate accuracy of one's beliefs
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confirmation bias
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tendency to search for information that confirms one's perceptions
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heuristics
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simple, efficient thinking strategies
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representativeness heuristic
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presume that someone or something belongs ot a particular group if resembling a typical member
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availability heuristic
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cognitive rule that judges likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory; if instances of something come readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace
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counterfactual thinking
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imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened but didn't
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illusory correlation
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perception of a relationship where non exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists
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illusion of control
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perception of uncontrolllable events as subject to one's control or as more controllable than they are
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regression toward the average
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the statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return toward one's average
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misattribution
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mistakenly attributing a behavior to the wrong source
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attribution theory
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theory of how people explain others' behavior
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dispositional attribution
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attributing behavior to the person's disposition and traits
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situational attribution
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attributing behavior to the environment
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fundamental attribution error
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tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon other's behavior
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self awareness
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a self-conscious state which focuses on oneself; it makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
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behavioral confirmation
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type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people's social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to connfirm their expectations
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