Social Psych Ch. 3

Front 1

Priming

Back 1

Activating particular associations in memory

Front 2

Belief perseverance

Back 2

Persistence of one's initial conceptions, as when the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives

Front 3

Misinformation Effect

Back 3

Incorporating "misinformation" into one's memory of the event, after witnessing an event and receiving misleading information about it.

Front 4

Controlled Processing

Back 4

"Explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscience.

Front 5

Automatic Processing

Back 5

"Implicit" thinking that is effortless, habitual, and without awareness, roughly corresponds to "intuition"

Front 6

Overconfidence Phenomenon

Back 6

The tendency to be more confident than correct-to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs.

Front 7

Confirmation Bias

Back 7

A tendency to search for information that confirms one's perceptions.

Front 8

Heuristic

Back 8

A thinking strategy that enables quick, efficient judgments.

Front 9

Representativeness Heuristic

Back 9

The tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling (representing) a typical member.

Front 10

Availability Heuristic

Back 10

A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory. If instances of something come readily to mind, we presume it to be commonplace.

Front 11

Counterfactual Thinking

Back 11

Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didnt.

Front 12

Illusory Correlation

Back 12

Perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists.

Front 13

Illusion of Control

Back 13

Perception of uncontrollable events as subject to one's control or as more controllable than they are.

Front 14

Regression Toward the Average

Back 14

The statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return to one's average.

Front 15

Misattribution

Back 15

Mistakenly attributing a behavior to the wrong source.

Front 16

Attribution Theory

Back 16

The theory of how people explain other's behavior; for example, by attributing it either to internal dispositions (enduring traits, motives, and attitudes) or to external situations.

Front 17

Dispositional Attribution

Back 17

Attributing behavior to the person's disposition and traits.

Front 18

Situational Attribution

Back 18

Attributing behavior to the environment.

Front 19

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 19

The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others behavior. (also called correspondence bias, because we so often see behavior as corresponding to a disposition)

Front 20

Self-Awareness

Back 20

A self-conscious state in which attention focuses on oneself. It makes people more sensitive to their own attitudes and dispositions.

Front 21

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 21

A brief that leads to its own fulfillment.

Front 22

Behavioral Confirmation

Back 22

A type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people's social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations.