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247 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Middle ages |
A period of time after the fall of the Roman Empire and that ended when the Renaissance began. |
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100 Years War |
A war fought between England and France. |
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Feudalism |
A system of political organization in the Middle Ages in which the lord owned the land and all the others served him. |
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Bubonic Plague |
An epidemic that occurred in the Middle Ages. |
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Freemen |
Peasants who rented land or worked for pay. |
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Cathedral |
A church or place of worship. |
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Crusade |
A Christian military expedition. |
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Luxury goods |
Goods that were expensive and difficult to make. |
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Hinterland |
The rural area around a city-state. |
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Usury |
The practice of charging interest when loaning money to someone. |
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Humanist |
A person who adopts a system of thought that centres on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. |
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Humanism |
A system of thought ventured around humans and their values, interests, capacities, and worth. |
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Philosopher |
One who studies the truth and principles underlying human conduct and knowledge and the nature of the universe. |
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Democracy |
A form of government in which people elect representatives to rule the country. |
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Civic humanism |
Moral, social and political philosophy from the Renaissance. |
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Vernacular |
The language commonly spoken by the people who love in that region. |
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Perspective |
A point of view |
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Indulgences |
Certificates that reduced the time people would be punished for their sins after they died. |
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Huitzilopochtli |
Aztec sun god |
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Dike |
A long wall built to prevent flooding. |
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Andreas Vesalius |
Andreas Vesalius founded modern anatomy. |
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Leonardo da Vinci |
was a famous Renaissance man. |
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Indulgences |
certificates that reduced the amount of time that you paid for your sins after death. |
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Isabella D'este |
a powerful, well-educated, political, patron of the arts, The First Lady of the Renaissance |
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Prince Henry |
He sponsored a great deal of exploration along the west coast of Africa. |
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Giovanni Caboto |
who explored the coast of Newfoundland |
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Ferdinand Magellan |
completed first circumnavigation |
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pirate |
a person who attacks and robs ships at sea. |
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Artifacts |
A cultural/historical object made by a human being. |
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sacred calendar |
Aztec calendar |
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causeways |
a track across Lake Texcoco |
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backlash |
The adverse reaction by a large number of people, especially to a political event. |
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Artisan |
a worker in a skilled trade |
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Telpochcalli |
A school for Aztec commoners. |
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Retributive justice |
justice through punishment |
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restorative justice |
justice through restoration |
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Visigoths |
an East germanian tribe |
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al-Andalus |
parts of the Iberian Peninsula |
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Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon |
successfully united Spain and started the Spanish Inquisition |
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Principalities |
a state ruled by a prince. |
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Spanish Inquisition |
established to make everybody Christian or exiled. |
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Missionaries |
spread the Christian word |
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conquistador |
Spanish conqueror |
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Muskets |
gun |
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Epidemic |
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease. |
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Nahuatl |
traditional Aztec language |
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Cholula |
a city in mexico |
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Mestizo |
one having Spanish and indigenous descent. |
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Allegiance |
loyalty |
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Sumptuary Laws |
to regulate and reinforce social hierarchies |
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Manors |
the district over which a lord had domain |
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Tithe |
a ten percent tax paid to the church |
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Journeyman |
completed apprenticeship |
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Silk Road |
trading route for items ideas and diseases |
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Holy land |
Israel |
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Local resources |
resources that are local |
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merchants |
a person involved in wholesale trade |
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insurance |
compensation for loss |
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Michaelangelo |
sculptor and painter and architec |
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Rome |
Italian city |
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Classical civilization |
ancient Rome and Greece |
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Patrons |
a person who gives financial support |
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Excommunication |
excluding someone from the Church |
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Heresy |
a religious opinion contrary to a church |
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Galileo |
Italian astronomer and physicist |
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Scientific Method |
the collection of data through observation and experiment |
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Filippo Brunelleschi |
Italian architect |
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Protestant Reformation |
movement to fix the corrupt church started by Martin Luther |
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Johannes Gutenberg |
Invented the printing press |
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Christopher Columbus |
discovered the new world |
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Jacques Cartier |
French navigator and explorer |
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circumnavigation |
to go completely around especially by water |
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treaty of Tordesillas |
a treaty that was created by the Spanish and the Portuguese to divide land |
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migrate |
to move from one country |
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Aqueduct |
a channel for water |
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Codices |
books that Aztecs kept their history in mainly pictures |
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compulsory |
mandatory |
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obsidian |
a strong rock |
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ocelot |
small wild cat |
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Quetzal |
colored birds |
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conscription |
mandatory military service |
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Muhammed |
founder of Islam |
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Reconquista |
a long series of wars and battles between the Christians and the Muslims |
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Monotheism |
Belief in one god |
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Polytheism |
Belief in more than one god |
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Hidalgos |
the sons of poor nobles |
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Hispaniola |
island in the Caribbean |
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Longbow |
bow and arrow |
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intermediary |
a person who mediates between two people with language barriers |
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Totonacs |
Indigenous people of Mexico |
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Flower Wars |
a ritual war fought to capture sacrificial victims |
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viceroy |
an official who runs a country |
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serfs
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a laborer bound to work on his lord's estate |
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Renaissance |
revival of art and literature |
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Monastery |
place where monks and nuns lived |
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Hierarchy |
a system in which people are ranked |
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Marco Polo |
Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, |
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Muslims |
people who worship Islam |
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City-state |
small independent country |
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commerce |
exchange of goods and services on a large scale |
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archipelago |
a group of islands. |
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Greece |
a country in Europe |
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Latin |
a language |
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Raphael |
Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance |
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Girolamo Savonarola |
wanted to do what Martin Luther did, but everybody hated him. |
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Martin Luther |
cool dude |
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Copernicus |
a Japanese philosopher |
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Johannes Kepler |
elliptical orbit |
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Ptolemy |
believed that the Earth was the center |
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Niccolo Machiavelli |
the ends justify the means dude |
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counter reformation |
a movement of reform performed by the church to refrain from losing all its parishioners |
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Alexander VI |
the most notorious of the Renaissance popes |
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Bartholomeu Dias |
Portugese explorer |
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Vasco de Gama |
first European to reach India by sea |
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Francis Drake |
circumnavigated the globe |
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imperialism |
extending a country's power and influence through military force |
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Aztec |
Mesoamerican culture |
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Chinampa |
floating islands for agriculture |
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solar calendar |
a sun calendar |
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tribute |
a tax for groups so the Aztecs wouldn't kill them |
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omen |
something that can tell the future |
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calmecac |
Aztecs school for Nobles |
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Calpolli |
communities with jobs |
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Glyphs |
an ancient language |
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Upward mobility |
going up in the classes |
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Navarre |
annexed by Castile |
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Caliphate |
a state ruled by an Islamic leader |
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code of chivalry |
a moral system for medieval knights. |
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Yucatan |
a peninsula |
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atomic bomb |
a destructive nuclear weapon |
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Mayan |
indigenous people of Mexico |
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Tlaxclans |
indigenous group |
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Encomienda system |
a Spanish labor system |
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creoles |
native borns |
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isolation |
being secluded or alone |
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Ainu |
Japanese indigenous |
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Stoic |
a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining. |
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Homogenous |
a uniform society |
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samurai |
the warriors |
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Floating world |
a place for Japanese men to relax |
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Tea ceremony |
a Japanese cultural activity with green tea |
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Kendo |
traditional Japanese martial art |
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Confucianism |
Chinese philosophy |
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Peasant |
a person of low social status |
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Kamikaze |
a part of the Japanese military |
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Archipelago |
a group of islands. |
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Kamuy |
divine being in Ainu mythology |
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Arable |
Land suitable for growing crops. |
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Shogun |
the head of Japan |
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Ronin |
a samurai without a lord. |
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Kabuki |
Japanese theatre |
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Haiku |
Japanese poem |
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Wood blocking |
carving wood |
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seppuku |
cutting the belly |
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Constitution |
the basic principles and laws of a nation |
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ritual |
traditional ceremony |
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Tsunami |
oceanic natural disaster |
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monsoon |
wind storm natural disaster |
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daimyo |
powerful Japanese feudal lords |
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Shogunate |
the shoguns advisors |
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Sumo Wrestling |
A bunch of fatsos going at it. |
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Bunraku |
puppet theatre |
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noh |
musical drama with masks |
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Tokugawa Period |
the period where the emperor came back into power. |
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outcast |
people who were secluded from mainstream society and life. |
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how did the feudal system influence Europe? |
everyone had a place and nobody went out of line. |
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hierarchy pic |
pope/crown- nobles- knights- merchants- peasants- serfs |
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church importance |
very important |
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Black Death Christian change |
people didn't believe in the church anymore because their prayers did nothing. |
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what impact did the black death and the 100 years war have on the feudal period? |
People gave up on God and revolted and killed their lords so the feudal system ended. |
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crusades were |
Christian military expeditions in Jerusalem to get the holy land from the Muslims. |
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What was an unintentional cause of the Crusades? |
Ideas spread between Muslims and Christians. |
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What was the Silk road and why was it so important? |
The Silk Road was a trading route generated trade between different places |
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Which East Asian products were highly valued? |
Spices Rugs Pepper Jewelry |
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What are city-states and how many were there? |
a city with surrounding territory that is independent there were 5 |
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how did trade bring wealth to the city-states? |
The temperatures let them grow items that were in demand year round. Insurance and usury as well. |
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how did trade bring power to the city-states? |
The money made them more powerful. |
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Silk roads valued commodities other than luxury goods? |
Ideas and knowledge |
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what is humanism? |
a philosophy centered around humans and their learning. |
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what are some basic humanistic beliefs? |
knowledge the arts passion for learning |
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where did humanists get inspiration? |
Ancient Greece and Rome. |
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What was the classical period? |
The era of classical music between roughly 1730 and 1820. |
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Why was Florence a Renaissance hotspot? |
They had a library with lots of great texts. |
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Who were the Medici's and why were they important? |
The Medici's were the most powerful family in Italy and they are important because though they were ruthless, they were great patrons of learning and the arts. |
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Key Renaissance art features? |
nature humans babies light arches pillars domes |
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Who was Niccolo Machiavelli and why was he famous? |
He was a fifteenth-century writer who was mostly known for writing a book called "The Prince" on politics and power. |
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What is the scientific method and why is it important? |
A method in which a science experiment follows. It is important because it helps advance modern science. |
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What challenged the Church during the Renaissance? |
Luther's 95 theses and the new Protestant church made the original church lose a large chunk of its population. |
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why did the protestant reformation happen? |
Because Martin Luther knew that the church was corrupt and wanted to do something. |
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How did the invention of the printing press influence the reformation? |
The printing press allowed Luther's transcripts to be published and read by ordinary people. |
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Why did Europeans begin to explore? |
God, Gold, Glory |
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what technology allowed Europe to explore? |
the compass, maps, etc. |
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why was a new route to Asia important? |
The land route was very dangerous so they wanted to find a water route. |
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What impact did the Europeans have on the indigenous? |
The indigenous were mistreated and enslaved by the Europeans. |
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What did Francis Drake do for England that made him a hero and a villain? |
Defeated the Spanish Armada. |
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How did exploration change to imperialism and expansionism? |
they could spread Christianity make money off the indigenous and the land increase the population |
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Where was the Aztec empire located? |
In the valleys of Mexico on Lake Texcoco surrounded by mountains. They named the city Tenochtitlan. |
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What legend explains how they got there? |
Huitzilopochtli told them to find an eagle perched on a cactus eating a snake and they found one there. |
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What did the Aztecs use to transform the geography? |
Dikes Causeways Aqueducts Chinampas |
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Why did they do sacrifices? |
So they could feed their gods blood so the gods wouldn't destroy them. |
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How did they expand their empire? |
By conquering other tribes and expanding their population. |
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What cool things did Aztec Emperors get to do? |
Chief of Army Had to read the stars had a zoo never had to walk was treated like god/worshipped |
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Structure of Aztec society. |
-Emperor -nobility, priests -merchants, artisans, soldiers -farmers, fishers, women -slaves |
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How was social status indicated? |
Clothes Size and location of your house Job |
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What were people educated on in Aztec society? |
They all learned their history and music. All the boys learned military skills. The rich learned glyphs. |
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what was the ideal Aztec citizen? |
not a coward hardworking |
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Why did the King and Queen of Spain support Columbus? |
Spain was broke after fighting the Reconquista, and Columbus offered gold. And God. |
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Reconquista |
When the Christians fought the leaders of the badly run principalities and beat the Muslims. |
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Spanish Military advantages= |
guns horses armor dogs |
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What contributed to the fall of the Aztecs. |
All their enemies Moctezuma's decision to wait it out When the Aztecs killed their leader |
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Why did so many tribes fight alongside the Spanish? |
Because they held grudges with the Aztecs. |
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Why did the Spanish destroy Aztec temples? |
To get rid of their religion. |
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What is the dominant culture in Mexico today? |
Mesoamericans . |
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How has geography influenced Japan's worldview? |
They are secluded, making them very independant. |
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pros and cons to isolation |
Pros - independant Cons- other countries want to break rules and trade |
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When was the Edo period? |
The period between 1603 and 1868 when Japanese society was ruled by the Tokugawa shogunate. |
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What was a major point of the Edo period? |
Isolation |
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How did the shogun maintain control in Japan? |
There was a strict set of rules. |
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What was the Japanese feudal structure? |
Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai Ronin Peasants Artisans Merchants Outcasts |
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Why were the samurai important? |
They were the military. |
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How was Japan's feudal structure similar to Europes? |
People served the class above them. |
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What were the exclusion laws? |
Were laws so foreigners couldn't come to Japan and ruin their culture. Only the Dutch could come and trade because they only wanted to trade. |
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Why was Japan concerned about Christianity? |
Because they didn't want to change tradition. |
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How did Japan develop? |
Militarily Technologically |
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Why did Commodore Perry come? |
Because he wanted to trade or else |
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Unequal Treaties |
Peeps didn't want to sign them because they didn't want to become China. |
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What happened after the Shogun signed the treaties? |
Civil war and the Shogun lost his power to the Emperor. |
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The treaties required what? |
Japan to trade with the U |
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What was the Charter Oath? |
An oath that brought social and economic changes to modernize Japan. |
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What social changes occurred in Japan when the feudal system died? |
Gone: Shogun, Shogunate, Samurai, Ronin New: No outcasts |
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Why did Meiji Japan's leaders send peeps to Western Nations? |
So they could see the culture and technology and bring the information back. |
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What were the conservative's views on how Japan should modernize? |
They felt that Japan should modernize more slowly and over time. |
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What characteristics did Japan adopt from the west? |
Democracy and an army so they could be on par with one another. |
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How did Japan balance its own values with the newly introduced western values? |
It kept certain aspects of its original culture and substituted other parts with Western ideas. |
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What motto did the conservatives use? |
Civilization and enlightenment. Western science, Japanese essence. |
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Why did the Japanese challenge the changes brought by the Meiji period? |
Because they didn't want to lose their identity. |
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What social classes remained in Japan? |
All except for the Shogun, Shogunate, and the samurai. |
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How did Confucianism impact the Japanese? |
The "principle of duty" influenced the thought and behavior of the educated class. |
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What influences did the Muslims have during the crusades? |
Helped advance European society. -the number system |
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What was the economy like in the feudal period? |
Mostly agriculture. |
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Why was Florence a major humanist learning center? |
Because the Medici family lived there and they had opened a library and other humanist thingies. |
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Aztec Values |
Modesty Obedience Courage Clean Living Self-sacrifice |
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What was Cortez's first impression of the Aztecs? |
He thought they were a very advanced society. |
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What impact did the Muslims have on Spain? |
-Education -Christians, Jews, and Muslims lived together without religious strife |
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Why did Spain in the New World? |
God Gold Glory |
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Why did Mexico demand independence? |
They weren't being rewarded what they were told they would get. |
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How did Asia influence Japan? |
-Language -Culture -Religion |
