Social Studies Final 8- Aztecs And Spain

Front 1

The Location

Back 1

Valley of Mexico, on an island called Tenochtitlan, in the middle of a marsh called Lake Texcoco, made up of 5 lakes

Front 2

Causeways

Back 2

Roadways into the city, limiting the need for water transportation

Front 3

Dam

Back 3

Constructed across a section of the lake preventing flooding and seperating salt and fresh water

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Aqueduct

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Piped fresh water to the city from the nearby mountain springs

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Chinampa

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Floating farmland. Used by the Aztecs to create more arable farmland

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Tlaloc

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Aztec god of Rain. Demanded child sacrifices in order to get their tears

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Huitzilopochtli

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Aztec god of Sun and War. Demanded constant sacrifice. Belief was that if there were no sacrifices one day, the sun would not rise the next.

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Tezcatlipoca

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One of the most powerful Aztec gods. Could see the future through a smoking mirror, which was what his name meant

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Quetzalcoatl

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Aztec god banished to the East on a raft of snakeskins. The feathered serpent vowed to return in the year 1 Reed, which, coincidentally, was when Cortez arrived.

Front 10

Their writing

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Everything was written down in pictures with different symbols meaning different things.

Front 11

Human Sacrifice

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Rituals to please the Aztec gods. Completed by priests, victims captured from nearby tribes by the Aztec warriors and it all took place on special temples built to honour the gods. The heart would be removed from the body and the body would be disposed of except for the skull, to record the number of sacrifices.

Front 12

New Fire Ceremony

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Took place every 52 years at the end of the calendar cycle. People of the empire would let all fires go out and waited on their rooftops to see a sacred flame lit near Tenochtitlan. If lit successfully each house's fire would be relit

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Expanding their power- Trade

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Making negotians with neighbouring tribes

Front 14

Expanding their power- War

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The Aztecs were a warrior society, this was their primary way of expanding

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Expanding their power- Collecting Taxes

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Collected taxes from citizens to have financing for their major temples

Front 16

Importance of War

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Military service was COMPULSORY. Boys were rewarded for capturing victims

Worst thing to call an Aztec boy was a coward. Lack of courage weakened the army.

Aztecs believed a strong army = a strong society. Warriors could not ask questions about the decisions of the emperor.

Front 17

Hierarchy

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Emperor
Nobility and Priests
Merchants, Artisans, Soldiers
Farmers, Fishers, Women
Slave

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Emperor/Huey Tlatoani (Great Speaker) was...

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-Commander of the Army
-Head of State
-Chief Priest

Front 19

Education

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Aztecs valued education for its traning to youth to be a good student. Education was Schools for Nobles and Schools for Commoners. Girls were educated to become priestesses and midwives

Front 20

Ideal Aztec Citizen

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Courage, Self-Sacrifice, Modesty, Clean living, Obedience.

Front 21

Spain before Reconquista

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Very occupied by Muslims who very much contributed to Spain's learning, religious tolerance and architecture

Front 22

Reconquista

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Spanish vs. Muslims. Spain wanted their country back! One of the world's fiercest armies was the Spanish.

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New Leaders Isabella and Ferdinand

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Young, very religious, and interested in God, Gold and Glory for Spain

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Isabella and Ferdinand's goals

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-Cleanse Spain of heretics- they could convert, leave Spain or face death or torture.

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Auto de Fe

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If you refused to convert or leave Spain, you would be burned at the stake!

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Another Spanish goal

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Convert new worlds! Funded Missionaries, Christopher Columbus and Hernan Cortez

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Hernan Cortes

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Spanish Conquistador who travelled to the New World for gold. He sank 10 of his boats and the other he sent back to Spain with the gold

Front 28

The Conquering! How it happened

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Disease of smallpox, Allies with the Tlaxclalan and other tribes, Weapons and horses, and Luck and Circumstance! (The Aztecs thuoght Hernan was Quetzalcoatl

Front 29

The Aftermath

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Few Aztecs survived. Tenochtitlan was in ruins and the remaining Aztecs became slaves.