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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture |
All that humans do and know and the society they live |
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Culture shock |
Difficulty people have to adjusting to a new culture that differs from their own |
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Ethnocentrism |
People make judgements about other cultures according to the values and customs of their own |
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Cultural relativism |
Recognition that social groups and cultures must be studied and understood on their own terms before you can make comparisons |
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Material culture |
Consists of human technology - all things humans make |
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Nonmaterial culture |
Totality of knowledge, beliefs, values and rules for appropriate culture |
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Norms |
Rules of behavior that are agreed upon and shared within a culture and the prescribe limits of acceptable behavior |
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Mores |
Strongly held norms that usually have a moral connotations and are based on the central values of the culture |
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Values |
A cultures general orientations toward life - it's notions of what is good and bad, what is desirable and understandable |
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Selectivity |
Process by which some aspects of the world are viewed as important while others are virtually neglected |
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Sapir-whorf hypothesis |
Argues that the language a person uses determines their perception of reality |
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Symbol |
Anything that represents something else and carries a particular meaning recognized by members of culture |
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Adaptation |
The process by which human beings adjust to changes in their environment |
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Subculture |
The distinctive lifestyles, values, norms and beliefs of certain segments of the population within a society |
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Incest |
Sexual relation between family |
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Taboo |
The prohibition of a specific action |
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Rites of passage |
Standardized rituals marking major life transitions |
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Ideologies |
Strongly held beliefs and values |
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Innovations |
Any new practice or tool that becomes widely accepted in a society |
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Reformation |
In which a trait is modified in some way so that it fits better in its new context |
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Cultural lag |
Phenomenon through which new patterns of behavior may emerge, even though they conflict with traditional values |
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Socialization |
Process of social interaction that teaches the child the intellectual,physical, and social skills needed to function as a member of society |
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Personality |
The patterns if behavior and ways of thinking and feeling that are distinctive for each individual |
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Genes |
Inherited units of biological material |
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Social attachments |
Meaningful interactions and affectionate bonds with others |
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Attachment disorder |
Unable to trust people and to form relationships with others |
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Statuses |
Culturally and socially defined positions |
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Self |
This changing yet enduring personal identity |
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Social identity |
Is the total of all the statuses that define an individual |
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Resocialization |
Relearning a whole new way of living |
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Primary socialization |
Basic info and skills required to be a member of society |
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Secondary socialization |
Learning to fit into culture |
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Developmental/Adult Socialization |
From actor to role |
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Anticipatory socialization |
Prelearning to fit in somewhere else |
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Folkways |
Norms that permit a wide degree of individual interpretation as long as certain limits are not overstepped |
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Ideal norms |
Expectations of what people should do under perfect conditions |
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Real norms |
Norms that are expressed with qualifications and allowances for differences in individual behavior |
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Values |
A cultures general orientations toward life - it's notions of what is good and bad, what is desirable and understandable |
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Cultural universal |
Certain models or patterns that have developed in ll cultures to resolve common problems |
