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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Michel Foucault |
Symbolic Interactionism; The Self and Self-Sexuality- Identity based theories Post-Structuralism |
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Karl Marx |
Power comes from economy, those who control social reproduction control everyone |
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POST-STRUCTURALISM |
It’s the idea of deep underlying structures – class conflict Working is engaging in class conflict no false consciousness *dystopian vision * live unhappily ever after Knowledge who you want to become and can be oppressed. Language in terms of signs and convey meaning Language Mirror reality class = reality Not describing instead representing from the used of words or language His saying binary on language. |
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GENEAOLOGY OF SEXUALITY |
People to uncover the truth and challenges even marginalized groups Challenging the path to define hierarchies and movements. How did we come to know about any particular facts **HOW DO WE KNOW*** what it means and to organize and tackle issues. Not as individuals and talks about discourses Identity is based on who you desire. Grand Narrative Social Theory are not science theory not testab |
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Pre modern society |
Means are sexual acts can’t have a vague type of identity By normalizing gay identities is it really liberating Because of categorizing people makes people uncomfortable Over the years understanding of sex has change. A very serious subject and make them object of study *SEARCH FOR TRUTH*- objectified Previously only punished for your act of sexual deviance not your gender |
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Panoptic GAZE (benthams) |
Hospital and Classrooms are organized of self-regulations aspect where the guard is always watching but you don’t really know when. Even if no one is watching we act in a role Different types of modern power |
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Molefi Kete Asante |
Cultural Colonization/ Symbolic Imperialism These are the problems Understand the idea of Eurocentrism Centre of all knowledge aka European Knowledge aka Universal These kind of view was spread by colonialism Most of the known west and writing knowledge looking at who is at the centre and who decide who was in charge of knowledge Creates a disorientation and decadency who are not Eurocentrism EXCLUDES other people as objects and viewpoints as a person Positivism |
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Afrocentrism |
Cultural Colonization/ Symbolic Imperialism These are the problems Understand the idea of Eurocentrism Centre of all knowledge aka European Knowledge aka Universal These |
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Afrocentricity |
Rejects biological basis for race difference but argues of cultural differences Not to punish and to restore communal balance and peace If you send people to jail does not restore balance and incarcerates people not to behave right Argues that the principles in differences Different ways to communicate |
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Postmodernism
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a cultural, artistic and intellectual movement that began in the 1920s against “highbrow” and dominant forms of art and architecture social and political characteristics of life since the 1960s. An attitude that is markedly different from the ideas that were associated with “being modern
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Side PanelExpand side panelCollapse side panel Loading... Breadcrumb:1. Table of Contents Lyotard and The Postmodern World FALL 2016 * Submit Feedback Post war changes in Western Societies |
THIS IS THE WHOLE LECTURE SLIDE WEEK 2
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Whos Is Foucault
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Foucault’s Homosexuality.Events of May 1968- revolts by students, women, workers, labourers, professional and cultural workers.
“These struggles [e.g. feminism, anti-racism, lgbt, disability anti-globalization] are not directed against an institution or individual or state, class or elite but “ against a technique” a form of power.” Foucault 1982, 780-781 Abandons the Enlightenment HeritageRejects totalizing and reductionist Questions Marxism: Post-Marxist cultureNot directed only against the State Not organized around classTraversal-- many sites e.g. politics, law, culture, economyRelated to self and Identity |
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In Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison (1978 Foccoult Argues |
that modern societies exercise a new kind of power than pre-modern ones . He calls this disciplinary power.
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Bentham’s Panopticon
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The panoptic gaze”: Looks at the design of a prison. · Foucault refers to this prison blueprint · Says that this prison creates self regulation and that our societies are based off this structure |
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Juridical power:
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kings and monarchs |
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Disciplinary power
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The modern state Disciplinary power is a type of Pastoral Power--caring, ethical, salvation oriented began in 16-17C churches ( Foucault 1982, p 783).would not be possible without the discourses of the human science s(e.g., criminology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc.). Social control happens through technologies of disciplining: in institutions such as schools, hospitals, prisons, asylums. Disciplining also by medical-scientific discourses that control bodies, desires, behaviors |
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Power
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Power is not an object that one can have or not have. It is a set of actions that can modify the actions of others-exercised not on a body or thing but on an acting agent.Power relations are rooted deep in society not above us (e.g. the State or elite)
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Identity politics |
Common identity derived from shared oppression. - Feminists are reluctant to surrender an identity based politic · Appeal to “women” has been the cornerstone for fashioning affirmative identity, community, and politics for three decades · Feminists have built their lives around women’s communities and symbolism of sisterhood. - Identity politics gives opportunity for potential ally new social alliances. E.g. feminists, lesbian, gay men. - Blacks, women, and gays organized into ethnic-type political communities.” Steven Seidman, 2013p. 20 - What is identity politics argues that all members of oppressed group share a common identity |
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Feminist Theory |
Identity based social movements of the 1970s created new subjects of knowledge. Also created new knowledges.New perspectives offered by oppressed groups e.g. Blacks, women, lesbians etcNew perspectives (new social knowledge) challenged universalist and essentialist traditions of Enlightenment thought. Strongly influenced social theory and social science.Identify themselves as an oppressed group Women are an identity and subject to subordination and seeks to promotes women rights Challenges existing order Key Concept Proposed the notion of Gender Marxist- used classism |
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Dorothy Smith |
The socially-constructed world is shaped by gender. Women share a core set of experiences, attitudes, beliefs, which are shaped by their location in the private, domestic sphere, and which give them a different set of conceptual values than those of men.Because of their social positioning women can offer a unique standpoint from which to view the social world. Sociological analysis should begin with women's actual lived experiences as the starting point for social knowledge.The way knowledge is produced *OBJECTIFIED KNOWLEDGE* Rejects idea of enlightenment No neutral or objective knowledge Created by men since it is more dominant Take for granted of women and have to dual conscious about themselves Men abstract knowledge because they can separate knowledge Best understand exploitation The way knowledge is produced *AUTHRORITATIVE CONSIDRED THE TRUTH* GRAND NARRITIVE WHO PRODUCES IT IS OBEJCTIFEID Takes gender as a master category analysis Women is attached on the identity of women’s movement Social Constructionist Gynocentric |
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Difference/Intersectionality
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Critical of “women’s standpoint” as a fiction of the White-middle class feminist subject. Also reject gynocentric Feminism: Women’s victimization versus male violenceWomen of Color: emphasize differences from White women’s gynocentric feminismIntersectionality: race, class, gender, sexuality in Women’s oppression |
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Post Modern Feminism Judith Butler |
“Women” as the Subject of Feminism Foundational fiction-related to representational politics: “..the feminist subject turns out to be discursively constituted by the very political system that is supposed to facilitate its emancipation.” Butler p4. “ Gender ” is always produced and maintained by political and cultural forces. Political problem –’Women’ does not constitute a common identityChallenge to Unify Women Counter to Smith’s idea De-stabilizes notions of women What does women mean and being a man ALWAYS EMPAHISIS LANGUAGE AND REPRESENTATION Discourse constructed Women Representation a way of talking about something Construct social reality |
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A person in drag is able to perform a gender that does not match their anatomy; further, drag demonstrates that sexuality is separate from both gender and one’s “sex” due to the contradictions of the performance. Language constructs not only Gender but also Sex: both sex and gender are socially constructed Through socialization and the reinforcement by family and others, people learn how to construct their gender through how they talk, walk, dress, etc. Butler is arguing that gender- that is men or women—are constructed by their performance—there is no internalization of gender.One does Gender; one is not a gender. |
Different Gender vs Sex Roles |
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Butler’s Strategies:
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Gender Subversion :creates alternative ways of being embodied, sexed, gendered.(S219) Open multiple political possibilities by keeping “Women” a site of diverse and conflicted meanings. (Seidman 219-220) |
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Critical Race Theory
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Stems from Postwar Black politics While critiques of feminist theory have compelled feminism to focus more on issues of difference rather than commonality among women, the movement for Black rights has moved towards an Afrocentric philosophy.Critical Race Theory is NOT homogenous. It has been affected and shaped by postmodernism and feminist theorists’ attempts to theorize the intersection of race and gender with class, sexuality religion etc.Seidman 2013, pp.226-227
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Molefi Kete Asante
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AfrocentrismCultural colonization“Symbolic imperialism” (represenations)Reorient knowledge and information from a black perspective.
Afrocentricity, The Afrocentric idea * For Asante “ cultural colonization” of African- Americans and “Symbolic imperialism” main problems rather than institutional racism. * To understand Afrocentrism we must understand Eurocentrism- the idea that most of the dominant knowledge in the world today is not universal or objective but is a product of Eurocentric viewpoint. * Eurocentrism excludes all other viewpoints * Cultural Colonization/ Symbolic Imperialism |
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Afrocentricity |
Rejects biological basis for race difference but argues of cultural differences Not to punish and to restore communal balance and peace If you send people to jail does not restore balance and incarcerates people not to behave right Argues that the principles in differences Different ways to communicate More dialogical instead of one person speaking *dialogicness* Embodies a kind of rhythm of African culture Challenges the process of Eurocentrism Ask question how would they think of themselves if there’s no white people Too influenced because of colonial systems |
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Kwame Anthony Appiah |
Wants to detach or ‘uncouple’ race from biology Argues that racially based oppression is not a uniform experience.However doesn`t want to completely give up the idea of a unitary African Identity
Question the idea of social produce African ideas Common identity is essentialist Race is not from biology but instead is a social construct! Challenges identity of black, brown etc Dis-away from unifying race and biology Restriction and inclusions Looks at the gaps and ambiguity Shares the notion of social justice Constructing seamless narrative research Look at the OUTLIERS of a certain race Gaps the silences and those who don’t fit We all fall into the trap of SKIN COLOUR assumptions of identity even though we know its socially constructed. |
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Whiteness Studies
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Seeks to provide a social and historical account of Whiteness - as an identity, -as a cultural experience - as a system of privilege.
Whiteness Studies underscores an important theoretical point regarding the character of race and ethnicity. Race or ethnicity is about establishing boundaries through acts of exclusion or acts of contrast and opposition.” Seidman 2013, 236. at a critical study of whiteness How did whiteness become a dominant identity of a new nation What does whiteness bring to normalize life Social and Historical Accounts Identity/Cultural Experience/ System of Privilege How does Whiteness affect Quebec eg. System of Privilege Terms of residential neighborhoods Keep certain traditions of neighborhood |
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Patricia Hill Collins
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Interlocking oppression. Knowledge is a key aspect of social relations of domination and subordination..Black women’s unique ways of knowingAsks us to think about race, class and gender as interlocking systems of oppression. Multiple levels of domination: People experience oppression at different levels.Obama Family Idealized as a nuclear family who accidentally had to be black or African-Decent Performing and Surveillance perfect first family Saving my black boys Get a notion of black boys are in danger Challenges a major problem arises instead of all youth becomes inclusive to boys |
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Patricia Hill Collins pt 2 Arguements
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ARGUES- Intersectionality Experiences of black women only focused on gender Interlocking of oppression Challenges movements in which none of them taken account other ways of being black Knowledge is constructed from a dominant position LOOK AT MULTIPLE LEVELS OF Oppression Individual levels of history |
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More of Hill Collins
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In this article Hill Collins draws on her theory of intersectionality to examine issues of race, class and gender in the US under a period which some consider to be a ‘post racial era.’ Hill Collins disagrees with the idea that racism has ended with the election of a Black President (Obama) and the presence of a black family in the White House. Obama’s frequent references to his family and past: is he trying to legitimize his position as US President and his family as the rightful First Family?His attempts to justify his position and space are clues to the persistence of structural racism and racist discourses that diminish Black identities, culture, and experiences
ANOTHER TYPE OF SURVAILLENCE RACISM ON OBAMA |
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Obama Racism
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Family rhetoric: may address both economic frustrations and colorblind racism There is no post-racial societyObama family responds to an ‘interpretive context’: typical Black family as “flawed” compared to idealized (white) family form. Racism: culturalist explanations to evaluate Black families while ignoring structural factors of economic insecurity.”(130)Family rhetoric of the Obama Family could be understood in several ways?- attempts to build political unity across racial differences- stereotyped as ‘role model’ recipe of individual success against odds- a template for a new multiracial, multicultural American national identity. (Hill Collins 139-141)
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Indigeneity
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Indigeneity and indigenous knowledge: distinct approaches to theory and research. Cannot be sufficiently theorized within the frameworks of Critical Race Theory or postcolonial Theories or Feminist theory or Queer Theory although Indigenous people are represented in all these groups and share some of their concerns. Indigenous scholars argue that a theory of indigeneity must be rooted in the experiences, histories, struggles and worldviews of indigenous people. Canadian Indigenous scholar Leanne Simpson (2000) has identified seven principles of Indigenous worldviews. “First, knowledge is holistic, cyclic, and dependent upon relationships and connections to living and non-living beings and entities. Second, there are many truths, and these truths are dependent upon individual experiences. Third, everything is alive. Fourth, all things are equal. Fifth, the land is sacred. Sixth, the relationship between people and the spiritual world is important. Seventh, human beings are least important in the world. “ Simpson cited in Hart.p3.
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TRC
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We call upon the federal government, in consultation with Aboriginal organizations, to appoint a publicinquiry into the causes of, and remedies for, thedisproportionate victimization of Aboriginal women andgirls. The inquiry’s mandate would include:i. Investigation into missing andTRC Report (Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada) Needed because victims of systemic genocide Residential schools between 1800- 1996 Reveal to Canadians that residential schools existed and many aboriginals are abused and assaulted discriminated and were victims Egrerton Ryerson one of the key people starting residential schools ***Narrative Knowledge*** (Rabit Fence Movie) Guide and suggest ways a process of healing and leading towards reconciliation within aboriginal families Call upon Federal government to appoint a committee to find missing aboriginals women’s |
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Effects of State Policies
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Physical genocide- abuseBiological genocide- diseases and reproductive restriction Cultural genocide
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Cultural Genocide
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Cultural genocide is the destruction of those structures and practices that allow the group to continue as a group. States that engage in cultural genocide set out to destroy the political and social institutions of the targeted group. Land is seized, and populations are forcibly transferred and their movement is restricted. Languages are banned. Spiritual leaders are persecuted, spiritual practices are forbidden, and objects of spiritual value are |
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Lawrence & Dua (Bonita and Enakashi)
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Anti- racist movements have no engage with aboriginal people De-colonizing our understanding of Aboriginal people Anti racist-theory also seem to fall into indigenous people have disappeared Understand what is indigeneity Post-colonial theories fail to recognize continue to feel that aboriginal people are still in the effects of colonization ESPECAILLY ON LAND AND SOVEIRNTY Form communities and different from NATION STATES Land is shared land and have nation to nation treaty Pg.125-127 Argues modern racism started with slavery enslavement of Africa Anti-racist Reject the ties to the Queen If immigrants knew the policy of the Aboroginals |
