Soc 201 Chapter 2

Front 1

The ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a peoples way of life

Back 1

Culture

Front 2

People who interact in a defined territory and share a culture

Back 2

Society

Front 3

Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life

Back 3

Cuture shock

Front 4

Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture

Back 4

Symbol

Front 5

A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another

Back 5

Language

Front 6

The process by which one generation passes culture to the next

Back 6

Cultural transmission

Front 7

The idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language

Back 7

Sapir-Whorf thesis

Front 8

Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living

Back 8

Values

Front 9

Specific ideas that people hold to be true

Back 9

Beliefs

Front 10

Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

Back 10

Norms

Front 11

Norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance

Back 11

Mores (More-Ehs)

Front 12

Norms for routine or casual interaction

Back 12

Folkways

Front 13

Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings

Back 13

Technology

Front 14

The use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food

Back 14

Hunting and gathering

Front 15

The use of hand tools to raise crops

Back 15

Horticulture

Front 16

The domestication of animals

Back 16

Pastoralism

Front 17

Large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources

Back 17

Agriculture

Front 18

The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery

Back 18

Industry

Front 19

The production of information using computer technology

Back 19

Postindustrialism

Front 20

Cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite

Back 20

High culture

Front 21

Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population

Back 21

Popular culture

Front 22

Cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population

Back 22

Subculture

Front 23

A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions

Back 23

Multiculturalism

Front 24

The dominance of European (especially English) cultural patterns

Back 24

Eurocentrism

Front 25

Emphasizing and promoting African cultural patterns

Back 25

Afrocentrism

Front 26

Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society

Back 26

Counterculture

Front 27

The close relationships among various elements of a cultural system

Back 27

Cultural integration

Front 28

The fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system

Back 28

Cultural lag

Front 29

The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture

Back 29

Ethnocentrism

Front 30

The practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Back 30

Cultural relativism

Front 31

Traits that are part of every know culture

Back 31

Cultural universals

Front 32

A theoretical approach that explores ways in whic human biology affects how we create culture

Back 32

Sociobiology

Front 33

Why is culture a way of life?

Back 33

-Culture is shared by members of a society
-Culture shapes how we act, think, and feel

Front 34

Why is culture a human trait?

Back 34

Although several species display a limited capacity for culture, only human beings rely on a culture for survival

Front 35

Why is culture a product of evolution?

Back 35

As the human brain evolved, culture replaced biological instincts as our species' primary strategy for survival