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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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It is the ____________ among us who hold society together? |
Deviants |
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What is social deviance? |
Social deviance is any transgression of socially established norms. |
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What is the difference between formal deviance and informal deviance? |
Informal deviance are minor transgressions. Formal deviance involves the violation of laws. |
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Social cohesion refers to _________________. |
The way people form social bonds, relate to each other, and get along on a day-to-day basis. |
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Based on the sameness of society's parts or members. |
Mechanical solidarity |
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Based on the interdependence of specialized parts or members. |
Organic solidarity |
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What is punitive justice? |
Focuses on making the violator suffer and thus defines the boundaries of acceptable social behavior. |
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What is rehabilitative justice? |
Examines the specific circumstances of an individual transgressor and attempts to find ways to rehabilitate him or her. |
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What is social control? |
Set of mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals. |
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What is normative compliance? |
The act of abiding by society's norms or simply following the rules of group life. |
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What is informal social sanctions? |
Unspoken rules and expectations about the behavior of individuals. Also helps maintain a base level of order and cohesion in society and form a foundation for formal social control. |
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Accepts the goals of the society and the means of achieving those goals. |
Conformist |
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Accept the goals of the society but they look for new or innovative ways of achieving those goals. |
Innovators |
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Aren't interested in the goals of the society, but they do accept the means of achieving those goals. |
Ritualists |
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Don't accept the goals of the society or the means of achieving those goals. |
Retreatists |
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Don't accept the goals of the society or the means of achieving those goals, so they create their own goals using new means. |
Rebels |
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Take a micro view of society, examining the beliefs and assumptions people bring to their everyday interactions to find the causes of explanations. |
Symbolic interactionists |
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What is primary deviance? |
The first act of rule breaking, which may result in the rule breaker's being labeled "deviant" and thus influencing how people think about and act toward him or her. |
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Acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result of a person's new, devising label. |
Secondary deviance |
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Refers to systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise. |
stratification |
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Workers who sell their labor in exchange for wages |
Proletariat |
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The movement within a social class or strata |
Horizontal mobility |
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Refers to the movement between social classes or strata |
Vertical mobility |
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The owners of the means of production are |
Bourgeoisie |
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Based on hereditary notions of religious and theological purity and generally offers no prospects for social mobility. |
Caste system |
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The unequal sharing of social rewards and resources |
Social inequality |
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Ontological equality is __________________. |
The notion that everyone is created equal in the eyes of God. |
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Equality of condition |
Idea that everyone should have an equal starting point from which to pursue his or her goals |
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Everyone in a society should end up with "rewards" regardless of starting point, opportunities, or contributions. |
Equality of outcome |
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Politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility. |
The estate system |
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Economically based system with somewhat loose social mobility based on roles in the production process rather than individual characteristics. |
Class system |
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Believed society was divided strictly into two classes: the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. |
Karl Marx |
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Movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society, can be either horizontal or vertical and can take place on the individual or group level. |
Social mobility |
