Soc #2

Front 1

what is role theory

Back 1

social expectations associated with positions and patterns of behavior (macro level)

Front 2

who studied role theory

Back 2

Linton

Front 3

role theory characteristics

Back 3

-complementary pairs

-structured reality

-born into social positions

-actor seems passive

Front 4

statuses

Back 4

recognized social position in society /pattern in system

ex: student, worker, athlete (gender, class, race)

Front 5

two types of statuses

Back 5

1. ascribed- biological, fixed at birth (race, gender, age)

2. achieved- earned/acquired over time through knowledge, skill and ability (degree=position)

Front 6

statuses and roles relation

Back 6

you OCCUPY a status, you PLAY a role

Front 7

what is a role

Back 7

a social position with a set of expectations attached to it (what actors in a position do)

ex: student= party, study, sleep, class

-placee constraints on our behavior

Front 8

how do you play a role adequatly

Back 8

learn the minimum requirements to make it believable

Front 9

example of statuses and roles

Back 9

- student = class, homework, party

-teacher= grade, teach, present

-doctor= prescribe medicine, examine, surgery

Front 10

role conformity

Back 10

-internalization of role expectations

-feel its something we SHOULD do

-norms with consequences

Front 11

role strain

Back 11

difficulty meeting role obligations (in the same status)

ex: diff obligations at work

Front 12

role conflict

Back 12

expectations for one role conflict with another role (within or between status)

Front 13

two types of role conflict

Back 13

1. intra- role conflict within a status

ex: student= study vs party

2. inter- more than one status

ex: student vs job

Front 14

what is expectations states theory

Back 14

how group interactions are structure and the amount of inequality within small task oriented groups

Front 15

what is the 2nd def of EST

Back 15

amount of influence/prestige a position has (has to be given)

Front 16

how is status given in EST

Back 16

given to people in positions that we value and we personally like

Front 17

what gives status in EST to certain types of people but not others

Back 17

culture

Front 18

who founded EST and what branch is it under

Back 18

Bales @ harvard

Group processes and structures

Front 19

what is performance theory

Back 19

how we expect people to behave in certain situations (objective reality) linked to status structures and the ability to accomplish a goal

Front 20

what is status structure

Back 20

likelihood of moving the group towards the successful completion

Front 21

what are status characteristics for EST

Back 21

-small group no structure/same background

-work together

-task focused

-unitary task

-dont know each others and own abilities

-initial status is equality

(will rank each other on differences although the same)

Front 22

what is status characteristics theory (SCT)

Back 22

when people aren't alike, how those characteristics influence, create and maintain structures

-social ranked in larger society aids formation of hierarchy in the group

Front 23

who founded SCT

Back 23

bale students hired by stanford

-Berger

Front 24

what is status characteristics

Back 24

social attributes of a person which evaluations and beliefs about them come to be organized

Front 25

what are the types of status characteristics

Back 25

-diffused

-specific

Front 26

what is diffused status characteristics

Back 26

they carry the same weight from situation to situation

(gender,race,age,class)

Front 27

what is specific status characteristics

Back 27

only relevant in a specific task (often overrides diffused when present)

ex: doctor helping a car wreck

Front 28

status generalization

Back 28

tendency for members characteristics to affect group structures and interactions (outside affects inside)

diffused=salience

specific=relevance

Front 29

burned of proof

Back 29

have to prove that characterize isn't relevant to task at hand in order to nullify it

ex: cooking for parents

Front 30

who founded the social exchange theory within GPS

Back 30

Homans- society is the sum of individual behavior

Front 31

social exchange theory lineage

Back 31

-homans- society is the sum of individual characteristics

-thibault and kelly- characteristics of relationship are important

-blau-social structure has emergent properties (opposite of homans)

-emerson- social relation, no rational behavior

Front 32

what is "cost" in social exchange theory

Back 32

cost= opportunity vs investments

(forgone vs what you spend to get what you want)

Front 33

what are the "outcomes" in SET

Back 33

rewards vs punishment

Front 34

what are "values" in SET

Back 34

personal preference, amount the exchange offers

Front 35

what are alternatives is SET

Back 35

opportunities for valued outcomes from others actors

Front 36

structure of exchanges

Back 36

1. mutual dependence- both exchange

2. behavior to get what you want with no negatives-no associations of rationalities

3. engaging with specific partners- know and consistent

4. marginal unity- value is based on how much others value it

Front 37

4 types of exchanges

Back 37

1. direct vs indirect (generalized)- with each other OR pay it forward

2. negotiated- bargaining, give and take

3. reciprocal- NOT negotiated, do it anyways

4. productive- everyone wins, teams, corporation

Front 38

kula ring exchanges

Back 38

-Malinowski, 18 trading islands near New Guinea

-patterns of exchange through ethnographies

-clockwise- give a necklace, get arm band

-counter-give a band, get a necklace

Front 39

what is a minority

Back 39

bottom of social hierarchy, not numbers

Front 40

prejudice

Back 40

beliefs and feelings toward someone that causes us to negatively prejudge

Front 41

4 characteristics of minorities

Back 41

1. differential power- major difference in access to resources

2. identifiability- physical/cultural traits

3. ascribed status- born into group

4. solidarity/group awareness

Front 42

discrimination

Back 42

actions based on prejudice

Front 43

race

Back 43

characteristics due to genetic origin

Front 44

ethnicity

Back 44

cultural factors

Front 45

attitude

Back 45

evaluation or affect towards objects measured on strength

-extremity

-importance

-intensity

Front 46

self perception theory

Back 46

behavior gives us information about our feelings and internal state

Front 47

cognitive dissonance theory

Back 47

negative tensions that arise when people behave different than their attitudes

Front 48

norms

Back 48

make attitudes acceptable and guide behavior

-subjective

-those who hold power

-temporarily and physically bounded

Front 49

what is group processes and structures

Back 49

focus on groups and how they are structured

-experiments/task groups

-macro

Front 50

what is social structure and personality

Back 50

effect of social stratification on peoples thoughts and behaviors

-large scale social processes defined by social class, race, and gender)

-macro