Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
church |
according to Durkheim, a term used to refer to a "moral community" centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred |
|
credential society |
the use of diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work |
|
cult |
a new or different religion whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion |
|
cultural transmission of values |
the process of transmitting values from one group to another; often refers to how cultural traits are transmitted across generations and, in education, the ways in which schools transmit a group's culture, especially its core values |
|
denomination |
a "brand name" within a major religion, e.g. Methodist or Baptist |
|
functional illiteracy |
high school graduates who never mastered even things they should have learned in grade school |
|
gatekeeping |
the process by which education opens and closes doors of opportunity |
|
grade inflation |
higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in students grades without a corresponding increase in learning |
|
hidden curriculum |
the attitudes and the unwritten rules of behavior that schools teach in addition to the formal curriculum |
|
mainstreaming |
helping people to become part of the mainstream of society; also called inclusion |
|
latent functions |
unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions |
|
manifest functions |
the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions |
|
profane |
Durkheim's term for common elements of everyday life |
|
Protestant ethic |
Weber's term to describe a self-denying, highly moral life accompanied by hard work and frugality |
|
religion |
according to Durkheim, beliefs and practices that separate the profane from the sacred and unite its adherents into a moral community |
|
religious experience |
a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with god |
|
rituals |
ceremonies or repetitive practices; also symbols that help to unite people into a moral community |
|
sacred |
Durkheim's term for aspects of life having to do with the supernatural that inspire awe, reverence, deep respect; even fear |
|
sect |
a group larger than a cult, but whose members still feel tension between their views and the prevailing beliefs and values of the broader society |
|
self-fulfilling prophecy |
Robert Merton's term for an originally false assertion that becomes true simply because it was predicted |
|
social promotion |
passing students to the next level even though they have not mastered basic materials |
|
spirit of capitalism |
Weber's term for the desire to accumulate capital (not to spend it, but as an end in itself) and to constantly reinvest it |
|
tracking |
in education, the sorting of students into different educational programs on the basis of perceived abilities |
|
Emile Durkheim |
investigated world religions and identified elements that are common to all religions, such as separation of sacred from profane, beliefs about what is sacred, practices surrounding the sacred, and a moral community |
|
George Farkas |
investigated how teacher expectations affect student grades found that students signal teachers that they are good students by being eager, cooperative, and hard-working |
|
Karl Marx |
critical of religion, calling it the "opiate of the masses" |
|
Robert Merton |
coined the term "self-fulfilling prophecy:" a false assumption of something that is going to happen, but then becomes true simply because it was predicted |
|
Max Weber |
studied the link between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism and found that the ethic associated with the protestant denominations was compatible with the early needs of capitalism |