Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
stratification is a system of ranking- ranking whom?
|
groups of people, not individuals
|
|
|
define stratification
|
a situation in which people are divided into layers according to their relative power, property ,and prestige
|
|
|
4 major types of stratification
|
slavery, caste, estate, class
|
|
|
slavery
|
certain groups of people are considered less than human and owned as property
|
|
|
caste system
|
very rigid system of stratification in which rights and opportunities depend on where people fall in a ranking system; rank is determined at birth, no social mobility; i.e. India
|
|
|
estate system
|
people are divided into estates with each having different rights, i.e. France: estate 1- clergy, estate 2-nobility, estate 3- commoners
|
|
|
class system
|
people are ranked according to economic factors; much more fluid than the other systems, class systems are somewhat acheived
|
|
|
what maintains these systems of stratification?
|
ideologies, i.e. that women are meant to nurture and therefore are less powerful than men, that the owners are actually helping the slaves, estates are divinely inspired, meritocracy in the class system, etc.; ideologies support these systems because if we believe that the world is functioning as it should we are not likely to change it
|
|
|
structured inequality
|
people do not end up in certain places of stratification systems by chance, structured by people and ideologies
|
|
|
life chances
|
the opportunities one has based one where he falls in the system of stratification, influenced by your parents' careers, income, your education, etc.
|
|
|
US ideologies vs. social barriers
|
ideology of meritocracy- that people are rewarded for ahrd work and are stratified based on this, therefore we see ourselves as classless; however there are still barriers- educational opportunities based on neighborhood etc., social networks
|
|
|
Marx on stratification
|
class determined by relationship to the means of production- one either owns it or works for it; bourgeoisie vs. proletariat; also sees bipartite societies composed of these two classes and polarization among the two groups with the gap in between increasing
|
|
|
Weber on stratification
|
multidimensional, sees Marx's point about economic means and property/wealth, however also focuses on power (ability to wield one's influence over society) and prestige (the way other people view you)
|
|
|
Durkheim on stratification
|
society functions as an organism and needs people at all levels in order to function properly; is normal and necessary- normal because all societies have systems of stratification and necessary because society could not function if it weren't for stratification
|
|
|
distribution of wealth in the US
|
top 20% of US population earns 50% of all income while the bottom 20% earns less than 5%; wealth is reserved for a very small portion of the population and is not evenly distributed
|
|
|
Gans- functions of poverty
|
Risk reduction and distancing the impoverished from the rest of the population; scapegoating; banishment from the formal labor market, which makes room for immigrant workers who will work for cheaper wages; supply illegal goods; creates jobs for the rest of society; supply moral legitimation; norm reinforcement; supply pop culture villains; instutitional scapegoating; shift of political power to the right; reproduction of stigma
|
|
|
Rank- shift in thinking of poverty from "them" to "us"
|
We should reduce poverty and increase the safety net because Americans are highly susceptible to experiencing poverty firsthand; poverty also impairs the nation’s health, the quality of the workforce, race relations, and the future generations
|
|
|
Chambliss- Saints and Roughnecks
|
Saints vs Roughnecks- Roughnecks from poorer families and thus get caught more and get in more trouble even though the Saints are more delinquent, but they are from more affluent families
|
