Soc 101 - Exam 2

Front 1

The 8 steps of the scientific method

Back 1

1. Choosing an Issue
2. Defining the problem
3. Reviewing the literature
4. Developing a hypothesis
5. Designing a project
6. Collecting data
7. Analyzing the data
8. Reporting the findings

Front 2

Independent versus dependent variables

Back 2

Independent variable: the event or item in your experiment that you will manipulate to see if that difference has an impact. Dependent variable: This is depended on or caused by the independent variable

Front 3

Cofounding & extraneous variables

Back 3

cofounding: may be affecting the results of the study but haven't adequately accounted for.
extraneous: may influence the outcome of an experiment but are not actually of interest to the researcher.

Front 4

inductive versus deductive reasoning

Back 4

inductive: help us to understand a problem using our own human capacity to put ourselves in the other person's position.
deductive: logically proceed from one demonstrable fact to the next and deduce their results.

Front 5

inferential reasoning

Back 5

the act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true

Front 6

Correlation vs causation

Back 6

Correlation: some relationship between two phenomena, doesnt necessarily mean that one is the cause of the other.
Causation: The belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another

Front 7

Random Sampling

Back 7

number of people chosen by an abstract or arbitrary method, (random)

Front 8

Sample bias

Back 8

sampling bias is when a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others