Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
snakes date back from what time period |
Cretaceous
|
|
|
snakes eyes |
infrared, minimalcolor vision, limited eyemobility, no eyelids ‐ butcovered by transparent layerof scales
|
|
|
Lizards eyes
|
UV, better(?) colorvision, focus using muscles,choroid body that nourishesthe cornea, movable eyelid& nictating membrane
|
|
|
Slow‐moving constrictors
|
Lampropeltis
|
|
|
Active, visually oriented
|
Masticophis
|
|
|
Arboreal
|
Eyelash viper Bothriechisschlegelii
|
|
|
Burrowing
|
blind snakes, Typhlops
|
|
|
Vipers
|
Crotalus, Bitis,
|
|
|
Sea snakes
|
totally adapted to water; only 1genus capable of limited movement on land
|
|
|
Locomotion
|
“wave” motion
• Gripping with bellyscales |
|
|
Feeding Specializations
|
Extreme skullflexibility
• Teeth that curvebackwards • Extreme stomachacids • Infrequent feeding |
|
|
Venom and Fangs evolved for what
|
evolved as aprey “handling”mechanism
|
|
|
venome and fangs |
– Struggling vs quietvictims
– Duvernoy’s gland(colubrids) homologouswith venom glands – Killing venom = no needfor constriction – Constriction re‐evolvedin some groups whenvenom was lost |
|
|
Opisthoglyphous
|
1or more large groovedtooth at rear ofmaxilla “rear fanged”
‐ hog nosed snake |
|
|
Proteroglyphous
|
short, hollow,permanantly erectfangs at the front ofthe maxilla with otherteeth
‐ cobras,mambas, coral snakes |
|
|
Solenoglyphous
|
hollow, foldable fangsare the only teeth inthe maxilla
‐ pit vipers |
|
|
Venom
|
modifiedsaliva containingzootoxins
|
|
|
Neurotoxins are in which group
|
Elapidae
|
|
|
vipers have which toxins
|
Hemotoxins
|
|
|
Mojave Rattlesnake =Viperidae
|
neurotoxin
|
|
|
Spitting Cobra =Elapidae =
|
hemotoxin
|
|
|
Elapidae also have which toxins
|
many also havecytotoxins & cardiotoxins
|
|
|
Thermal passivity vs thermal regulation viahabitat choice
|
– Modified by body size & proportions (limbs &tails)
|
|
|
Habitat partitioning via thermal partitioning
|
– Ecological niches of lizards = body tempmaintenance
– Distribution of sunny areas vs shade – Integration of foraging behavior w/thermoregulatory behavior |
|
|
Cuban anoles are what kind of predators
|
Sit & wait predators
|
|
|
Species on tree trunks nearthe ground have what kind of limbs and tail
|
longhindlimbs & tails
|
|
|
Species that live on twigs orhigh in the canopy have what kind of hind limbs and tail
|
shorthindlimbs & tails
|
|
|
Small movements betweensun/shade or calm/breezysites alter what
|
thermal balance
|
|
|
Squamate IUCN list
|
– 85 endangered lizards
– 56 endangered snakes |
|
|
Threats to both lizards and snakes
|
– Agriculture, aquaculture
– Habitat loss/modification – Biological resource use – Commercial, residential, industrial development |
|
|
Snake threats
|
Millions killed on roads
– Large individuals are killed ‐ impacts reproductivecapacity of the population |
|
|
Archosaurs
|
• Crocs & birds bracketnonavian dinosaurs
|
|
|
archosaurs characteristics
|
– Extensive parental care
– Evolution of endothermy |
|
|
Crocodilians habitats
|
Mostly tropical
– Freshwater & saltwaterforms |
|
|
what kind of snout do crocodiles have |
they have Variable snout |
|
|
corodilians locomotion |
Can move pretty fast ‐galloping motion
|
|
|
temperature effects what |
sex is determine by incubation period |
|
|
map turtles |
sex ratio is drop from 1 (male) to o ( all females) when ambient temp rises from 28 to 30 degree Celsius |
|
|
Alligators |
pattern is reversed in alligators and lizards |
|
|
crocodiles |
the male develop at intermediate temp female develop at the two extreme temp high and low |
