Slpa 461 Exam 2

Front 1

Disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. The disability originates before the age of 18. What disability is described?

Back 1

Mental Retardation

Front 2

Often the first sign of mental retardation is _________.

Back 2

Language.

Front 3

___% have language skills equal to their cognitive level when it comes to MR or LD.

Back 3

50%

Front 4

___% comprehension skills equal to mental age, but production is poorer when it comes to MR or LD.

Back 4

25%

Front 5

___% deficits in both production and comprehension relative to mental age when it comes to MR or LD.

Back 5

25%

Front 6

What is different for MR or LD people in the areas of Syntax and Morphology?

Back 6

Shorter, less complex sentences, fewer elaborations, reach MLU levels at later mental age than children with typical development.

Front 7

MR or LD people learn grammatical morphemes in about the same order as normally developing peers.... T or F?

Back 7

True.

Front 8

T or F: research has shown that children with MR have more articulation errors, but the errors don't stay as long as typically developing children.

Back 8

False. the errors stay longer than typically developing children.

Front 9

For children with MR or LD, it is easier to learn _______ than syntax.

Back 9

Semantics.

Front 10

What is another name for Down Syndrome?

Back 10

Trisomy 21.

Front 11

Name some symptoms of Down Syndrome.

Back 11

Mild to moderate MR
Hypotonia
Facial characteristics
Hyperflexibility of joints
Heart and respiratory prob.
ear anomalies
Oral-motor difficulties
Deficits in speech, language and hearing.

Front 12

Language development follows the normal sequence in general- however it is ______.

Back 12

??? see study slides, pg. 2 ???

Front 13

Fragile X happens because of what factor?

Back 13

genetics

Front 14

Fragile X is more prevelant in females: T or F?

Back 14

False. 1 in 8000 females, 1 in 4000 males.

Front 15

What are some characteristics of Fragile X?

Back 15

Moderate mental retardation and dysmorphic features.

Front 16

What are some dysmorphic features involved with Fragile X?

Back 16

Elongated face
Highly arched palate
Larger than average head size
Enlarged ears
Flat feet
Large hands with hyperextensible finger joints
Hypotonia

Front 17

T or F: Language delay is not very common.

Back 17

False. It is very common.

Front 18

Fragile X chilfren have a particular delay in what three things?

Back 18

Syntax, sequencing, and organization.

Front 19

Does Rett's Syndrome affect more girls or boys?

Back 19

Girls.

Front 20

There is apparent normal delay in children who have Rett's up to __ to ___ months of age.

Back 20

5 to 18 months.

Front 21

After 5 months of normal development, a child who has Rett's will have the onset of what abnormal things?

Back 21

Deceleration of head growth, loss of purposeful hand movements, loss of social engagement, poorly coordinated gait and truck movements, severely impaired language and cognitive development.

Front 22

What are some characteristics of Autism?

Back 22

Qualitative impairment in social interaction and communication, restricted patterns in behavior, interest, and activities and delays or abnormal functioning before age 3 in social development, language used for social communication or play.

Front 23

Is language the same or varied for children with Autism?

Back 23

Varied.

Front 24

"It is the postiion of the American Speech-Lnaguage-Hearing Association that SLPs play a _______ and ______ role in the development of literacy for children and adolescents with communication disorders..."

Back 24

Critical and Direct

Front 25

According to the ASHA guidelines, appropriate roles for SLPs include (but not limited to):

Back 25

Preventing written language problems by fostering language acquisition and emergent literacy
Identifying children at risk for reading and writing problems
assessing reading and writing
Providing intervention and documenting outcomes for reading and writing
advocating for effective literacy practice
Providing assitance to general education teachers

Front 26

Reading includes two things, what are they?

Back 26

1) Word Recognition
2) Listening Comprehension

Front 27

What are the components of language comprehension?

Back 27

Semantics and grammar, text processing, background knowledge, verbal reasoning, metacognition.

Front 28

What are the components of word recognition?

Back 28

Phonological awareness, decoding, sight recognition.

Front 29

According to the hierarchy shown in class, risk for reading disorders occurs in what stage?
Normal language, late talker, late talker with family history, late talker with family history and receptive problems.

Back 29

The end of late talker (see pg. 4 in review slides).

Front 30

What is phonological awareness?

Back 30

One's sensitivity to the sound structure of a word.

Front 31

Phonological Awareness is measured by what three things?

Back 31

1) Rhyming
2) Blending
3) Deletion tasks

Front 32

Good phonological awareness = what kind of reader?

Back 32

Good reader.

Front 33

Poor phonological awareness = what kind of reader?

Back 33

Poor reader.

Front 34

What component of reading are SLPs most likely to be involved?

Back 34

Phonological awareness.

Front 35

Approximately __% of children with a phonological awareness deficit in kindergarten had a deficit in word recognition in 2nd and 4th grades.

Back 35

45%

Front 36

Approximately ___% - ___% of children with a phonological awareness deficit and a family history of reading disabilities had problems in word recognition in 2nd and 4th grades.

Back 36

60% - 65%

Front 37

What does Tier 1 of the Response to Intervention hierarchy contain?

Back 37

General education
Progess monitoring
Includes ALL students

Front 38

What does Tier 2 of the Response to Intervention hierarchy contain?

Back 38

Targeted interventions
Group and Individual
Progress Monitoring
Includes 15-30%

Front 39

What does Tier 3 of the Response to Intervention hierarchy contain?

Back 39

Special Education
Includes 5% of student population

Front 40

In order to catch chilren who may be at risk for a reading disorder, SLPs should ______ them at a young age.

Back 40

Screen

Front 41

When getting a language sample, what are two things to remember?

Back 41

1) Fewer limitations on the child's behavior during the interaction.
2) Give the child some measure of control over the conversation.

Front 42

What are some tools for language sampling (Example: MLU)?

Back 42

Type Token Ratio
Number of Different Words
Phonetic Information
Computer programs

Front 43

The following defines what term?:
"... is conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients."

Back 43

Evidence Based Practice (EBP)

Front 44

Best Evidence Based Practice comes from what three components?

Back 44

Clinical Experience
Client Values
Research

Front 45

EBP is a "cyclic and symbiotic" relationship between ________ and ________.

Back 45

Clinical Work and Research

Front 46

What are the six steps towards becoming an evidence-based practitioner?

Back 46

1) Convert a clinical need into an answerable question
2) Document the internal evidence
3) Search for and find the best external evidence to answer the question
4) Critically evaluate the evidence you find for its validity, strength, and usefulness
5) Use your clinical experience combined with your research findings to apply to practice
6) Evaluate and audit your performance (question everything)

Front 47

Step 1 on becoming an evidence based practitioner is...

Back 47

Develop an appropriate clinical question

Front 48

What is PICO and what step is it part of for becoming an evidence-based practitioner?

Back 48

Step 1.
P: The specific PATIENT being considered should be described briefly
I: The INTERVENTION being considered must be identified
C: A COMPARISON treatment (such as existing tx or no tx) should be specified, if relevant.
O: The desired OUTCOME should be clearly specified

Front 49

Here is an example of a good PICO question:

Back 49

Would a 5 year, 4 month old kindergartener with primary expressive language impairment affecting grammar and speech production (P) make more significant gains in grammatical and phonological skill in conversational contexts (O) with an intervention that targets phonology (I) or grammar or both (C)?

Front 50

In the table for Evaluating External Evidence, which pieces of evidence mostly apply to SLP's?

Back 50

IIa
IIb
III
IV

Front 51

What is the highest block of evidence according to the Evaluating External Evidence table?
a)Strong randomized controlled study
b)Committee report
c) systematic review of quasi-experiments
d) Nonexperimental
e) Meta-Analysis or systematic reviews
f) strong quasi-experimental or multiple baseline

Back 51

E) Meta-Analysis or systematic reviews

Front 52

What are a couple of barriers to EBP?

Back 52

Not enough work in the area of study, rely on clinical experience and good data and record keeping, limited training in reading and interpreting a research article.

Front 53

EBP is a ______ of _____.

Back 53

State of Mind

Front 54

What is the best practice type for all clients (especially young children)?

Back 54

Family Centered Practice

Front 55

Why is it called family centered practice?

Back 55

Because it respects the family's wishes on their extent to be involved.

Front 56

T or F: Even our best clinical judgment might have to takea backseat to the parents desires for their child.

Back 56

True

Front 57

What type of practice is also referred to as "Discrete Trial Intervention"?

Back 57

Clinican-Directed

Front 58

What are some advantages of Clinician Directed practice?

Back 58

Maximizing opportunities for a child to produce a new form, effective in eliciting wide variety of new language forms.

Front 59

What are some disadvantages of Clinican Directed Practice?

Back 59

Unnatural, generalizability of skills.

Front 60

Drill, Drill play, Modeling are popular approaches to which type of practice?

Back 60

Clinican Directed.

Front 61

Describe the Child-Centered Approach

Back 61

Natural, seen by child as "play", no tangible reinforcements

Front 62

What are 4 other names for the Child-Centered Approach?

Back 62

1) Indirect Language Stimulation
2) Facilitative play
3) Pragmaticism
4) Developmental or Development/Pragmatic Approach

Front 63

What are some Child-Centered techniques?

Back 63

Self-talk and parallel talk
Imitations
Expansions
Extensions
Buildups and Breakdowns

Front 64

What are the three components to the Hybrid approach of practice?

Back 64

1) Focus on general communication
2) Clinician matinaints control
3) Uses a linguistic stimuli not just responding to the child's communication

Front 65

Focused Stimulation, Vertical Structuring, Milieu Teaching, and script therapy are all versions of what practice approach?

Back 65

Hybrid Approach

Front 66

Besides SLPs, who might be some other options for agents of intervention?

Back 66

Parents
Paraprofessionals
Peers

Front 67

Clinical Model, Language-based classroom, collaborative model and consultant model are all different models under what?

Back 67

Service Delivery Model

Front 68

Where does the clinical model (subset of service delivery model) take place?

Back 68

Schools, clinics, and private-practice

Front 69

If you have a child with short attention span and emotional issues, what might be a good service delivery model for the client?

Back 69

Clincal Model

Front 70

Described language-based classrooms (subset of service delivery model).

Back 70

Specially dsigned for INTENSIVE language stimulation. Gives the children more time for intervention. Team usually helps to provide the intervention.

Front 71

Forgetfulness, in sight but out of reach, sabotage, delay, and piece by piece are stragegies SLPs might use for which service delivery model?

Back 71

Language-Based Classrooms

Front 72

The Collaboration Model involves intensive planning, coordination and cooperation. In this model, the SLP is treated as a ______ ________.

Back 72

Guest Teacher

Front 73

With the consultant model, the the SLP has three roles. What are they?

Back 73

1) Supply specific suggestions for activities that parents and teachers can use to engage the child.
2) complete ongoing assessment and evaluation of the child's progress
3) Help teachers and parents understand and control challenging behavior.

Front 74

What are the four levels to goals?

Back 74

1) Basic Goals
2) Intermediate Goals
3) Specific Goals
4) Subgoals

Front 75

Which level of goal is this?:
Most general type, identifies areas of need that will be the center to therapy.

Back 75

Basic Goals

Front 76

Which level of goal is this?:
Provides greater specification of areas of need within one or more basic goals, numerous levels within goal, still somewhat broad.

Back 76

Intermediate Goals

Front 77

Which level of goal is this?:
Target specific exemplars of language form, content, and/or use that were defined at the intermediate level.

Back 77

Specific Goals

Front 78

Which level of goal is this?:
Carefully contructed set of measurable steps by which specific goals are achieved.

Back 78

SubGoals

Front 79

Vertical, Horizontal, and Cyclical strategies are for managing what?

Back 79

Goals.

Front 80

Prelinguistic Milieu Training (PMT) is what?

Back 80

Direct training by clinician.

Front 81

Responsitivity Education (RE) is what?

Back 81

Training caregivers and teachers.

Front 82

A child is more likely to communicated in an environment in which they:

Back 82

Need, want, find novel, and interesting. Just out of reach, but visible, face to face with child.

Front 83

8-10 training sessions over 6 months, modeling/training, trust, critique, questions, on going training process: This is describing what concept?

Back 83

Responsivity Education

Front 84

For the Hanen Program, the SLP must be _______ trained.

Back 84

Formally

Front 85

Goals for treatment in the Hanen Program include:

Back 85

1) facilitate positive reciprocal interactions
2) encourage parents to use responsive language input that is matched to the child's level of communication.

Front 86

RG: "Restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activities" is one diagnosis criteria for what disorder?

Back 86

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Front 87

RE: Symptoms of the following syndrome include: "mild to moderate MR, hypotonia, a characteristic face with shortening of the front-to-back dimension, hyperflexibility of joints, heart and respiratory problems, ear anomalies, oral-motor difficulties, and deficits in speech, lang. and hearing..."

Back 87

Downs Syndrome

Front 88

RG: Children with _________ have small hands, short stature, and truncal obesity.

Back 88

Prader-Willi syndrome

Front 89

RG: Closed-head injuries are defined as....

Back 89

Diffuse damage

Front 90

RG: T or F: Based on findings from Bourdeau 2005, the use of the "Early Literacy Parent Questionaire" seems appropriate for determining a young language impaired child's early literacy ability.

Back 90

True

Front 91

RG: T or F: The Yopp Singer Phoneme Segmentation Task is suggested for use when determining subsequent reading ability.

Back 91

True

Front 92

RG: The sentence, "No, I'll tell him to go slow!" has ___ morphemes.

Back 92

7

Front 93

RG: How many utterances are in the following: "Mommy! Where is my dolly and her blanket no bottle?"

Back 93

2

Front 94

RG: What are three computerized language analysis speech programs?

Back 94

1) SALT
2) Parrot Easy Language Sample Analysis
3) Lingquest

Front 95

RG: It is suggested that you collect ___ to ___ utterances for a good language sample.

Back 95

50 to 100

Front 96

RG: An IFSP is different from an IEP because...

Back 96

It is family focused.

Front 97

RG: T or F: EBP is a state of mind.

Back 97

True

Front 98

RG: T or F: The book states that the IT Takes Two to Talk program must provide parents at least 2 hours of group training.

Back 98

False.

Front 99

RG: EMT is appropriate for children with an MLU between ___ - ___?

Back 99

1.0-3.5

Front 100

RG: It Takes Two to Talk is led by SLPs who have completed a Hanen Certification Workshop.

Back 100

True