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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a circadian rhythm? |
something that occurs on a daily basis |
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what is a ultradian rhythm? |
something that occurs several times a day |
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what is a zeitgeber? |
German for time giver external cues that set circadian rhythms |
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what interacts with zeibgebers? |
our internal clock |
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what is our free running cycle? |
~25 hours |
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what pathway provides information about light? |
retinohypothalamic pathway |
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where does the retinohypothalamic pathway provide information to? |
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) |
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what can isolated SCN tissues do? |
maintain circadian rhythms |
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what does the TAU mutation do to sleeping patterns? |
deduct 2 hours on the free running cycle |
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what happens when TAU is transplanted? |
donor rhythms get transplanted in recipients |
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when is the SCN active? |
during the day for both diurnal and nocturnal animals |
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when does glucose content increase? |
the more the brain works |
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what does the per/cry/tau protein do when it breaks apart? |
inhibits transcription in the nucleus |
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what does glutamate do ? |
entrain the clock promote transcription in the nucleus |
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what is glutamate the neurotransmitter of? |
retinohypothalamic tract |
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when is melatonin released? |
at night, from the pineal gland and retina |
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when are growth hormones released? |
during deep sleep |
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when is the cortisol release the highest? |
in the morning |
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why do we sleep? |
keeps us safe preserves energy restores our bodies |
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3 ways to evaluate sleep |
EEG evaluating muscle tone evaluate eye movement |
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what is wakefullness characterized by? |
desynchronized alpha and beta waves |
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what is slow wave sleep characterized by? |
synchronized theta and delta waves |
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what causes sleep paralysis? |
glycine released in pons |
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where is memory consolidated? |
spindles |
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how often does REM occur? |
every 90-120 min |
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what is a typical sleeping pattern? |
SWS first 4 hours more REM in next 4 hours |
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what does SWS do? |
helps repair body |
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what does deprivation of SWS cause? |
joint and muscle pain |
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when does REM increase? |
after learning has occurred |
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what suppresses REM? |
SSRIs |
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classifications of a night terror |
within 4 hours of falling asleep wake up disoriented and confused fall back to sleep rapidly happens during SWS sleep no memory of events unless fully awakened |
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classifications of a nightmare |
occurs late in the sleep cycle (REM) wake up scared or upset vivid recall of dream can't fall back to sleep |
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what is a dyssomnia? |
difficulty with initiation, maintenance, timing, and quality of sleep |
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examples of dyssomnias |
insomnia sleep apnea narcolepsy |
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what are parasomnias? |
unusual behaviors that intrude sleep |
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examples of parasomnias |
sleep talking/walking nightmares/terrors REM behavior disorder restless leg syndrome |
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sleep is a behavior not___
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lack of brain activity |
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what is a cerveau isole? |
cut between superior and inferior colliculi that produces continuous forebrain SWS happens in the basal forebrain |
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what is an encephale isole? |
cut between the medulla and spinal cord produces normal cycling between SWS and REM |
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what is the encephale isole responsible for? |
waking up |
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what regulates waking up? |
reticular formation locus coeruleus (norepinephrine) |
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what does the raphe nuclei do? |
promotes sleep by inhibiting reticular formation |
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what controls REM? |
caudal reticular formation |
