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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Racial, inc melanin, normal cell #
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Physiolgic Pigmentation
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Inc in melanin, normal cell #
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Post-inflammatory pigmentation
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Inc in melanin, normal cell #
FLAT, uniformly pigmented, well-defined, normal surface texture, lower lip |
Labial melanotic macule
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Chronic sun exposure, age, inc # of melanocytes
Well-demarcated, multiple, hands/face/arms |
Solar Lentigo (liver spots)
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Change in pigmentation of face due to pregnancy and oral contraceptives
Sun exposed skin, inc melanin, FLAT, women |
Melasma (mask of pregnancy)
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“Stucco keratosis” greasy look, warty, benign
Diff Dx: Melanoma TMT: cosmetic Not the same as seborrheci dermatitis |
Seborrheic keratosis
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greasy warty
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Seborrheic keratosis
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(Pigmented skin in flexural areas, most benign, monority assoc w/ underlying condition)
Pigmented – Neoplastic |
Acanthosis nigricans)
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Benign, flat/raised pigmented, <6 mm
One subtype to know: Spitz is more common in young women, looks bad, pink/red lesion |
Melanocytic nevus (mole)
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3rd most common skin cancer, (BCC 1st, SCCA 2nd)
Risk factors: family Hx, light skin, Hx of childhood sunburns Warning signs: Asymmetry, Boarder irreg, Color mottled, Diameter >6mm “In-situ phase” – superficial spreading, most common, does not metastasize Vertical growth phase – invasive, metastatic potential, (80% die if deeper than 4mm) Nodular – arises & invades rapidly, usually dark |
Melanoma
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- “melanoma-in-situ,” sun exposed skin, elderly, fair skin, large, slow expanding
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Lentigo maligna
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under nails, palms, soles, mucosa – most common melamnoma in Black & Asian
Prognosis – depth (Clark’s levels & Breslow), worst sites Back, Arm, Neck, Scalp TMT: surgical excision (+/- lymph node removal/chemo) |
Acral Lentiginous
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Esp palate & gingiva, 20% no pigment
Immune-mediated Pigmented |
Oral melanoma
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pigmenetary loss with local patches
Syndrome-associated Pigmented |
Vitiligo
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CafÈ-au-lait macules (melanin pigmented patches of skin) syndromes:
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Neurofibromatosis I
McCune Albright Peutz-Jeghers |
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Adrenal corical deficeiency , overproduction of ACTH/MSH
Bronzing of skin Signs of hypoadrenocortism |
Addison’s Disease
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Blue color, blanch on diascopy Lower lip, ventral tongue
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Varix
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Malignant proliferation of basal layer, sun exposure, some NBCCS related
Most common skin cancer, most head & neck, 30% of whites by 55 y/o “Rodent ulcer”, variable, borders raised, ulcer in middle, telangectasias Slow growing, rarely metastasizes, rarely fatal TMT: surgical excision (5-10 mm margins) |
Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Chronic sun exposure. Lower lip (actinic chelitis), ears, forehead, nasal bridge
Appearance variable Prog: not as good as BCC, worse than oral SCCa |
Squamous cell carcinoma
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HHV-8 related, classic, endemic, immunodef subtypes
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Kaposi’s sarcoma
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Rare red variant of skin carcinoma. Looks like SCCa,
Significant percentage have metastasized @ Dx. Much more aggressive than SCCa and Basal cell. |
Merkel cell carcinoma
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Inflammation of dermis around mouth w/ clear zone around lips, women
Caused by topical steroids, cosmetics, and maybe tartar control toothpaste. |
Perioral dermatitis
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inflam hair follicle, Staph/candida, in-grown hairs (shaving)
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Folliculitis
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Dilated superficial blood vessels
Related syndromes HHT CREST syndrome |
Telangiectases
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Too much sebum being produced à crusty, scaly, oily looking skin
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Seborrheic dermatitis
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acute superficial cellulitis from strep.
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Erysipelas
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strawberry tongue
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Scarlet Fever
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Tetracycyline/minocycline root staingin
Etiology: Follicular hyperkeratosis, follicular bacterial production, |
acne
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inflammatory process in involving hair follacles.
Multifactorial, Instability of vessels Hot beverage, alcohol, spices Erythema, esp cheeks |
Rosacea
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Bulbous leasions of nose
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Rhinophyma
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Silvery looking scales like fish. Koebner’s reaction
2% population Defect in control of keratinocyte proliferation Well defined erythematious plaque |
Psoriasis
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- “infantile eczema”
Immediate allergic reactions to things. Very common in infants, most outgrow it. TX: keep skin moist |
Atopic dermatitis
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– also a mucocutaneous disease.
Significant percentage have skin lesions. Red to purple polygonal shaped surfaces. Redish looking lesions, fingernail changes |
Lichen planus
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RARE, Autosomal recessive, inablitily to repair UV Damage
1000-4000 x higher incidence of cancer Subnormal intelligence |
Xeroderma pigmentosum
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inherited, bad smell, Greasy
Small % in mouth Gingiva or hard palate 2-3 mm white papules on oral keratinzed tissue |
Darier’s disease (follicular keratosis)
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Enlargement of bone in area
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Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (angiohypertrophy syndrome)
Enlargement of bone in area |
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low grade variant of SCCA
Rolled borders, keratin plug in middle 10% vermillion border of lip (usually lower) HPV, chemical carcinogens |
Neoplastic
Keratoacanthoma |
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Premalignant change of skin – small % develop into SCCA
Rough scaly oveal plaques Light skinned Forehad, cheeks, lower lip, ear, lateral neck |
Actinic keratosis (lip=actinic chelitis)
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Yelowish plauques, macules
Esp. upper eyelids Tx: none |
Xanthelasma
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Umbilicated papules
Transmitted by direct contact White to flesh colored, autoinnoculate Viral (poxvirus) Micro: moluscum bodies (viral inclusions) |
Molluscum contagiosum
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“boil” – deep infection of hair follicle
Staph aureus Painful Danger zone of face – cavernous sinus thrombosis |
Furuncle
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wart
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Verruca vulgaris
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hangy looking gross thing
“Skin tag” |
Acrochordon (Skin tag)
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rare genetic syndrome, mental retardation sesiures angiofibomas. Potato looking thing in brain
fibrous papules on gingiva enamel pitting on anteriors Shagreen skin patches Hypopigmented areas on skin (ashleaf spots) Cardiac Rhabdomyomas |
Angiofibromas of Tuberous sclerosis
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Inherited, multiple small papules around facial orifices (hamartomas of hair follicles)
Warty appearing growths on dorcal hand Palmar-plantar keratosis Benign polyps of intestines Breast cancer Thyroid adenomas/carcinomas |
Multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden Syndrome)
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Oral cavity= “primary herpetic gingivostomatitis”
Vescicles on attached and unattached mucosa Generalized gingival erythema |
Primary Herpes
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only on attached gingiva and hard palate
multiple vesciles, then ulcers |
Secondary Herpes
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Post herpetic nerualgila
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome Facial and auditory nerves Facial paralysis Ear vescicles Tinnitius, vertigo, deafness V-1 involvement risk of ocular damage Rare pulpal necrosis Unilateral |
Herpes zoster –shingles
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strep or staph. Superficial bacterial skin infection
highly contagious |
Impetigo
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reaction to some foreign agent – allergen, etc.
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Contact dermatitis
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Acute onset
not chronic (self limiting) Target (Bull’s eye) skin lesions Hemorrhagic crusting of lips |
Erythema multiforme
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Erythema Multiforma variants:
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Variants:
Erythema multiforme Minor Most cases Skin +/- oral Erythema multiforme Major (aka Stevens-Johnson syndrome) Skin +/- oral + ocular or genital mucosa |
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Diffuse slouging of all skin/mucosa
High mortality |
TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis)
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will/could kill you
Oral lesions preceed skin lesions + Nicolski’s sign |
Pemphigus vulgaris
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– hardened skin
Raynaud’s phenomenon Claw like appearance Fibrosis of salivary glands – xerostomia widening of PDL Resorption of condylar head, ramus, coronioid |
Scleroderma
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mild variant of scleroderma
Cacinosis cutis Raynaud’s Phenomenon Esophageal dysfunction Sclerodactyly |
CREST
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rubber man syndrome
Inherited defect in collagen formation |
Ehlers-Danlos
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