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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bruises, welts, or burns may indicate ?
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accidents or trauma or abuse
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What does a nurse do if a client reports any symptoms?
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explore it further with a symptom analysis. Think COLDSPA
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Why is it important to ask a client about any birthmarks, tattoos or moles the client may have?
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To establish a baseline for future variations can be detected.
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What does bleeding of any skin mark, especially a mole, indicate?
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cancer
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IF the client reports a change in their ability to feel pain, pressure, or light touch, or temp. changes the nurse should assess for?
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vascular or neurological problems such as peripheral neuropathy related to diabetes mellitus or arterial oclusive disease.
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Problems with not being able to feel sensations could put a client at risk for ?
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pressure ulcers
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Patchy hair loss is associated with ?
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infections
stress hair styles some types of chemotherapy |
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generalized hair loss is seen in client with ?
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systemic illnesses such as hypothyroidism, and in clients receiving certain chemotherapy or radiation
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What is the most common cancer ?
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skin cancer.
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Name the three types of skin cancer.
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basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma melanoma |
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What type of skin cancer accounts for the most deaths ?
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melanoma
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Intermittent exposure to sun or ultraviolet light is associated with which types of skin cancer?
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melanoma
and basal cell carcinoma |
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Squamous cell carcinoma is commonly found in what area of the body?
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body sites with very heavy sun exposure.
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Overall amount of exposure is associated with which type of skin cancer ?
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squamous cell carcinoma
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Who is the most suspectable to skin cancer?
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people with pale white, freckled skin and red hair.
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nail changes may be seen in clients with ?
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malnutrition or with local irritation
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Excessive body odor may indicate?
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an abnormality with the sweat glands or an endocrine problem such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
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Does perspiration decreases with age?
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Yes because sweat gland activity decreases.
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Is a strong body odor a normal finding ?
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NO, it indicated an abnormality
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Sun exposure can cause ?
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premature aging, and increase risk of skin cancer, and damage to hair
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For female clients, pregnancy and menstruation can cause ?
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skin and hair conditions as a result from hormonal imbalances
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How often should a client perform a skin self examination?
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monthly
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pallor is seen in clients with ?
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arterial insufficiency, decreased blood supply, and anemia
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central cyanosis is seen in clients with ?
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cardiopulmonary problems
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peripheral cyanosis is a result of ?
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vasoconstriction
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How would a nurse differentiate between central and peripheral cyanosis ?
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look for central cyanosis in the oral mucosa
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In what areas is cyanosis seen in ?
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perioral, nail-beds, and conjunctival areas
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What color is associated with cyanosis ?
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BLUE
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Where can colors associated with jaundice can be seen ?
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sclera, oral mucosa, palms, and soles
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What is ancanthosis nigricans ?
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darkening and roughening of skin in localized areas; particularly the posterior neck
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White patches of skin are known as ?
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vitiligo
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Are freckles a normal or abnormal finding ?
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NORMAL
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Vitiligo, seborrheic keratosis, striae, moles, cutaneous tags,cutaneous horns, cherry angiomas and scars are what type of finding? Normal or Abnormal?
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They are all normal skin variations normal findings
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How would the skin feel if a client is in shock or as a result of hypotension?
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clammy
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Stage 1 ulcer
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unbroken skin that appears red; no blanching when pressed
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Stage 2 ulcer
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skin is broken; the lesion resembles a vesicle, erosion, or blister
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Stage 3 ulcer
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resembles a cater, involves the epidermis, dermis , and subcutaneous tissues. DOES not extend to underlying fascia
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Stage 4 ulcers
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involves the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and other support tissue. resembles a massive crater
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A client appears with a less than 1 cm flat, non palpable skin color change the nurse should document the presents of a ?
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MACULE
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greater than 1 cm, flat, non palpable skin color change, may have irregular border.
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PATCH
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Elevated nevi, warts, lichen planus are all examples of ?
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Papule
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Freckles, flat moles, petechiae, rubella, vitiligo, port wine stains, ecchymosis are examples of ?
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a patch or macule
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< 0.5 cm
elevated, palpable, solid mass circumscribed border |
PAPULE
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> 0.5 cm.
elevated, palpable, solid mass circumscribed border may be coalesced papules with flat tops |
PLAQUE
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Psoriasis, actinic keratosis are examples of ?
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PLAQUES
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A carcinoma and larger lipoma are examples of ?
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TUMORS
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Using a Wood light, fungus would be present if the light fluorescence is what color?
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Blue
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What would Beau's lines indicate ?
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acute illness
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What is the only layer of skin that under goes cell division and contains melanin?
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innermost layer of the epidermis
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Facial hair on women is known as ?
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Hirsutism
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What would Beau's lines indicate ?
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acute illness
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scar
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cicatrix
new=red or purple old=white and glistening |
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ecchymosis
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bruise
secondary to blood extravasation associated with trauma, bleeding tendencies |
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an elevated ecchymosis
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hematoma
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cherry angioma
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papular and round
red or purple trunk and extremities blanch w. pressure normal age related |
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telangiectasis AKA
venous star |
spiderlike or linear
bluish or red does not blanch noted on legs anterior chest associated w. venous pressure states |
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spider angioma
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red, arteriole lesion
central body and radiating branches face, neck, arms, trunk blanch w. pressure associated with liver disease, pregnancy, vitamin B deficiency |
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paronychia
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local infection of the distal finger
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erthema
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warm, red area
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what is a cause of acne ?
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inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
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Acne
Closed coledones are? |
non-inflammatory lesion aka white heads=
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Acne
Open comedones |
non-inflammatory lesion= black heads.
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What is the treatment for acne ?
6 treatments |
removal of lesions
benzoyl peroxide use of peeling and irritating agents= retinoci acid antibiotics phototherapy= supress new lesions accutane=severe acne |
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Where is acne most common?
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face
neck upper back |
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While taking accutane for acne, what lab test should be monitored?
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Liver function
Pregnancy Triglycerides cholesterol |
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Names of lesions associated with acne?
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pustule
papule nodules |
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Another name for scabies?
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Sarcoptes scabiei
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Scabies etiology and pathophysiology
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penetration of stratum corneum
depositing of eggs allergic reaction is form eggs, feces, mite parts. transmission=direct contact or shared personal items |
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Where is the stratum corneum located?
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outer layer of epidermis
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Clinical manifestation of scabies?
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severe itching= (mostly at night) NOT on the face.
presence of burrows= interdigital space, flexor of the wrist, anterior axilla, redness swelling vesiculation |
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treatment of scabies?
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10% rotamiton, y-benzene, hexachloride, benzyle benozate 12-25%
reaccurence possible treatment of sexual partner antibiotics if dermitis and secondary infection is present. |
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Pediculosis is also known as
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head lice
body lice pubic lice |
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What type of parasites is a Pediculosis ? What do they do?
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obligate= suck blood
leave excrement and eggs on skin live in seams of clothing if= body lice live in hair = nits pubic lice= sexually transmitted |
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clinical manifestation of pediculosis?
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minute, red, non-inflammatory point flush with skin.
progression to papular wheal like lesions pruritus secondary to excoriation firmly attached to head and hair shaft in body and head lice. |
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treatment used in clients with pediculosis.
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y-bensene hexachloride or pryethrins to treat various body parts.
apply as directed contact screening with bed partners, playmates, headgear |
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RSVP in reference to contact lens problems that must be managed by an eye care professional.
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R= redness
S= sensitivity V= vision prolblems P= Pain |
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Removal of hard lens by the nurse.
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use a small suction cup designed for that purpose.
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Aphakia
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crystalline lens is absent because of congenial defect, trauma, or surgery= cataract extraction.
eye loses approximately 30% of its refractive powers. |
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Emmetropia
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Normal vision
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What vision disorders can be corrected with surgery?
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myopia
hyperopia astigmatism presbyopia aphakia |
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can emmetropia be corrected with surgery?
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NO it is normal vision.
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Legal blindness is measured as ?
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best corrected vision in the better eye is measured as 20/200 or less.
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20/200 indicates?
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legal blindness
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What does EOMI stan for
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extra ocular muscles intact
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myopia and the cause of myopia
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can see near objects clearly= nearsightedness
cause= when the image is focused in front of the retina due to the eye being too long. |
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Hyperopia and the cause
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can see distant objects clearly =farsightedness
cause= an image is focused behind the retina. the eye is too short |
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astigmatism and the cause
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unevenness in the corneal or lenticular curvature causing horizontal and vertical lines to be focused at two different points on the retina.
See with myopia or hyperopia |
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Prebyopia
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a form of hyperopia that occurs as a normal aging process, usually age 40. Lens becomes less elastic, it loses refractive power.
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Crystalline lens
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located behind the iris.
function= bend light rays so they fall on the retine |
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Macula
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high concentration of rod and cones
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fovia centralis
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visual acutity
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Optic disc
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where blood supple to the eye enters the eye.
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functional blindness
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some light perception but no usable vision.
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Glacoma
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too much aqueous humor produced by the ciliary body. causes pressure to be put of the retina =IOP
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What disorders would cause a client to seek eye exams more often than the normal average?
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diabetes
CV disease |
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Conditions that can reduce a persons ability to wear contacts
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loss of tear function= decreased by antihistimines, decongestants, diuretic, BCP and hormones during pregnancy.
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Partially sighted individuals
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visual accuity of 20/200 in the better eye, greater than 20 degrees of visual field, but the visual acuiy is 20/50 or worse in the better the better eye
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Cataract surgery = pre-op
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provide information
suggest dark glasses apply dilating drops= dark iris need more meds. |
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cataract surgery = post op
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notify that depth perception will not return until patches are removed
vision may take 1-2 weeks to improve mild analgesics report intense pain, purulent drainage, increased redness, or decreased vision. |