Health Assessment - Ch 13 Skin Hair & Nails

Front 1

What are the layers of skin?

Back 1

1. epidermis
2. dermis
4. subcutaenous tissue

Front 2

What connects the skin to the structures beneath it? What fastens skin to the body?

Back 2

subcutaneous tissue

Front 3

Describe the epidermis

Back 3

4 layers: germaine gladly licks c----

1. stratum germanitivum
2. stratum granulosum
3. stratum lucidum
4. stratum corneum

Front 4

you get a new layer of (epidermal) skin every___?

Back 4

3-4 weeks

Front 5

Which layer(s) of the epidermis contains dividing cells?

Back 5

only stratum germanitivum

Front 6

where does skin color come from?

Back 6

melanin - brown in s. germanitivum
carotene - yellow in s.g.
pink - vascularization in dermis

Front 7

What attaches the dermis to the epidermis?

Back 7

dermal papillae --> fingerprints

Front 8

what forms fingerprints

Back 8

dermal papillae

Front 9

which layer of skin is highly vascularized?

Back 9

dermis

Front 10

where are sebaceous glands and sweat glands located?

Back 10

dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Front 11

What is secreted onto the epidermis? from where? to what locations on dermis?

Back 11

sebum and sweat via sebaceous and sweat glands located in dermis

sebaceous glands - arise from hair follicles, so everywhere but palms and soles

sweat glands
- eccrine glands - odorless, colorless all over body
- apocrine glands - milky, odorous, only in axillae, perineum, and areolae

Front 12

Are all sweat glands the same?

Back 12

No

eccrine glands - all over body - colorless, odorless
apocrine glands - areolae, axillae, perinem - milky, odorous

Front 13

what happens to the skin when exposed to cold/fear?

Back 13

contraction of erector pili muscles
- causes skin to dec surf area and hairs to stand up

Front 14

Describe types of hair.

Back 14

vellus hair - pale, fine, all over body

terminal hair - long, dark, coarse

Front 15

describe nail structure

Back 15

nail body, nail bed, lunula, cuticle

Front 16

How would you assess skin, objectively?

Back 16

Inspect and palpate, while examining:

1. color
2. temperature
3. moisture
4. texture
5. thickness
6. edema
7. mobility and turgor
8. vascularity or bruising
9. lesions

Front 17

When assessing skin color, what do you look for?

Back 17

1. general pigmentation
2. widespread color change
- pallor
- erythema
- jaundice
- cyanosis

Front 18

What are examples of color changes in the skin, and what are they indicative of?

Back 18

1. pallor (lack of color) - reduced amount of oxyhemaglobin ie anemia
2. erythema (redness) - inflamm/infec
3. jaundice (yellowness) - liver funcn (along with yellow sclera)
4. cyanosis (blue) - poor circ/o2 along with blue muc memb

Front 19

hyperpyrexia vs hyperthermia

Back 19

hyperpyrexia = thermostat set high, body will keep trying to reach temp, sponge baths will not help

hyperthermia = heat from outside sources causes body temp incrse - may be treated with sponge baths

Front 20

Profuse sweating? excessive dryness?

Back 20

diaphoresis
dehydration

Front 21

what are some signs of dehydration?

Back 21

poor turgor, birttle hair, dry skin

Front 22

what is diaphoresis?

Back 22

profuse sweating

Front 23

When assessing hair, what do you look for?

Back 23

color
texture
distribution
lesions

Front 24

How do you inspect nails

Back 24

shape and contour - check for clubbing
Color - capillary refill
Consistency
cuticle - no inflammation, attached

Front 25

How do you check for finger clubbing? What does a positive result for finger clubbing indicate?

Back 25

place first phalanges of forefinger together. no space between = clubbing.

clubbing is a result of chronic hypoxia. Usually indicates pulmonary or cardiovascular disease.

Front 26

what is the difference between primary and secondary skin lesions?

Back 26

primary skin lesions - caused by disease/abnormality

secondary skin lesion - caused by primary skin lesion (ie scab from eczema)

Front 27

How would you assess a skin lesion?

Back 27

A - asymmetry
B - borders - irreg or reg
C - color changes
C- configuration
D - diameter - changes
D - drainage
E - elevation

Front 28

What are some common lesion configurations?

Back 28

discrete, confluent
annular, polycyclic, target
grouped, linear, gyrate

zosteriform

Front 29

How are polycyclic lesions arranged?

Back 29

annular lesions grouped together

Front 30

You find a linear lesion clustered along a nerve route. You would describe the configuration as

Back 30

zosteriform - from herpes zoster

Front 31

Differentiate between the fluid filled primary lesions.

Back 31

Cysts - encapsulated fluid/semisolid

Vesicles/bullae contain clear fluid
Pustules contain pus

Front 32

Name solid primary skin lesions, and differences between them.

Back 32

Macule<1cm<Patch - flat, color change

Papule<0.5cm<Plaque - elevated, solid mass

Nodule<2cm<Tumor - elevated, solid, deep to dermis

Wheal - dermis saturated with fluid, but still solid - ie urticaria & insect bites

Front 33

Name fluid filled primary lesions, and differnces btwn them.

Back 33

Cysts - encapsulated semisolid/fluid

Vesicles<0.5cm<Bulla(e) - elevated, serous fluid

pustules - elevated, pus filled

Front 34

Name secondary skin lesions, differences between them.

Back 34

Erosion - superficial epidermal loss

Ulcer - tissue loss extending past dermis/subcutaneous tissue

Fissures - linear crack in skin

Scar - connective tissue replacing injured tissue

Front 35

Name the primary lesion: elevated 1cm, solid

elevated 2cm filled with clear fluid

Back 35

node

bulla

Front 36

Name the primary lesion: elevated solid 0.1 cm

Back 36

plaque

Front 37

linear crack in skin is called a __?

primary or secondary?

Back 37

fissure - secondary skin lesion

Front 38

tissue loss - only epidermis

Back 38

erosion

Front 39

tissue loss - extending past epidermis

Back 39

ulcer

Front 40

You see a spider like lesion on the trunk of a person. It blanches when you put pressure on it. WHat diseases are associated with it?

Back 40

spider angioma - associated with liver disease, pregnancy, vitamin B deficiency

Front 41

You see a spider like lesion on the trunk of a person. It does not blanch when you put pressure on it. WHat diseases are associated with it?

Back 41

telangioectasis - associated with increase in venous pressure

Front 42

You see a round, red papule. Is the patient at risk for disease due to that lesion?

Back 42

No - Cherry angiomas are common aging signs. negligible.

Front 43

Name vascular skin lesions, and differences between them.

Back 43

Petichia(e) - small 1-2mm round red macules

Ecchymosis - larger black, blue green macules = bruises

Hematoma - blood filled ecchymosis

cherry angiomas - clinically insignificant - round red papule - sign of aging

spider angioma - central arteriole with radiating branches = spider, blanches with pressure, rarely below waist, assoc with liver disease, pregnancy, vitamin b deficiency

telangiectasis (venous star) - blue or red, does not blanch, associated with high venous pressure

Front 44

What are keloids caused by? best way to treat?

Back 44

excessive collagen formation. treat with steroid injection, prevent with understiching. cutting it off worsens.

Front 45

Name that abnormality: vesicles with honey color crust

Back 45

impetigo - staph/strep

Front 46

impetigo etiology?

Back 46

staph/strep

Front 47

Name that abnormality: red, scales - pruritis

Back 47

eczema

Front 48

eczema's configuration is usually ___

Back 48

bilateral

Front 49

Name that abnormality: a patient has developed a rash over the bridge of his nose. What is associated with this kind of rash?

Back 49

butterfly rash - common sign of lupus

Front 50

Name that abnormality: hyperpigmentation with concentric ring of hypopigmentation

Back 50

erythema migrans - lyme disease

Front 51

Name that abnormality: fissure, white exudate and inflmmation on feet

Back 51

tinea pedis - fungus

Front 52

Name that abnormality: pathes of hair loss with pustules on scalp

Back 52

tinea capitis

Front 53

feature length film (not documentary)

Back 53

худо'жественный фильм

Front 54

Name that abnormality: excessive scaliness

Back 54

dermatitis

Front 55

Name that abnormality: in hair - pustules surrounded by erythema

Back 55

folliculitis

Front 56

Name that abnormality: concave nails

Back 56

spoon nails - iron deficiency

Front 57

what are signs of early clubbing? late clubing?

Back 57

spongy sensation of nails, 180 deg angle

>180 deg angle

Front 58

Name that abnormality: inflammation of nails

Back 58

paronychia

Front 59

medical term for scratch mark

Back 59

excoriation

Front 60

medical term for a mark left by a healed wound

Back 60

cicatrix of the skin

Front 61

medical term for dried reside of body fluid on skin

Back 61

crust

Front 62

medical term for mole

Back 62

nevus (nevi pl)

Front 63

medical term for a mole with precancerous changes

Back 63

dysplastic nevus

Front 64

medical term for wart

Back 64

verruca

Front 65

etiology of warts

Back 65

papilloma virus