Skin Disorders 2

Front 1

skin 2 distinct layers

Back 1

- epidermis --> outermost layer
- dermis

Front 2

epidermal cells

Back 2

produce melanin

Front 3

dermis

Back 3

- strong connective tissue
- contains nerve endings, sweat glands, & hair roots
- well supplied w/ blood vessels

Front 4

sweat glands

Back 4

secrete through the skin surface water that contains salt, ammonia, amino acids, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and urea

Front 5

functions of the skin

Back 5

- protection
- body temperature
- regulation
- secretion
- sensation
- synthesis of vitamin d

Front 6

temperature regulation

Back 6

alters the diameter of surface blood blood vessels & through sweating

Front 7

to dissipate heat

Back 7

the blood vessels dilate

Front 8

to retain heat

Back 8

blood vessels constrict and heat loss is minimized

Front 9

why does sweating help cool the body?

Back 9

because heat is lost as sweat evaporates from the skin

Front 10

blood reservoir

Back 10

skin contains an extensive blood vessel network that can store as much as 10% of the body's total blood volume.
constriction of these superficial blood vessels shunts blood to vital organs when needed.

Front 11

pruritis

Back 11

itching

Front 12

T or F
production of sebum by sebaceous glands decreases with age

Back 12

true

Front 13

common skin lesions in the elderly

Back 13

1. lentigines (pigmented spots on sunexposed areas)
2. senile purpura (large, purplsh bruises that resolve very slowly
3. senile angiomas (bright red papules
4. seborrheic keratoses (waxy, raised lesions
5. acrchordons (small, soft, raised lesions)

Front 14

chief c/o patient with skin disorders

Back 14

- discomfort
- pruritis
- color changes
- lesions
- hair loss
- abnormal hair growth

Front 15

conditions that may have skin manifestations

Back 15

diabetes mellitus, cancer, kidney failure, thyroid disease, liver disease, & anemia

Front 16

physical examination

Back 16

inspect nevi(moles) for irregularities in shape, pigmentation, and ulceration or changes in surrounding skin

Front 17

physical exam

Back 17

- healthy black skin has a reddish undertone
- a grayish tone may reflect cyanosis, best seen around the mouth, over the cheekbones, & earlobes
- inflammation may be better detected by areas of abnormal warmth and firmness than by color changes

Front 18

how would you assess skin characteristics for dark skinned people?

Back 18

to inspect for cyanosis, jaundice, and pallor --> check the oral mucuous membranes , conjunctiva, palms of the hands, & soles of feet

Front 19

pallor

Back 19

white or pale --> light skin
yellowish brown --> brown skin
ashen --> black skin

Front 20

erythema

Back 20

bright red

Front 21

cyanosis

Back 21

blueish

Front 22

jaundice

Back 22

golden or greenish yello

Front 23

pallor: causes

Back 23

vasoconstriction due to acute anxiety or fear, cold, some drugs, cigarette smoking.
edema

Front 24

erythema: causes

Back 24

increased local blood flow to inflammation, fever, or emotions

Front 25

cyanosis: causes

Back 25

excess deoxygenated blood in the tissue due to anemia, respiratory disorders, or cardiovascular disorders

Front 26

jaundice: causes

Back 26

reflects increased bilirubin in the blood due to liver disease or destruction of red blood cells

Front 27

dressings

Back 27

used to protect healing wounds sand to retain surface moisture to promote healing

Front 28

wet dressings

Back 28

used to decrease inflammation, soften crusts, and promote tissue granulation

Front 29

absorptive dressings

Back 29

used to promote removal of excess exudate and are esp. useful in wounds with necrotic tissue

Front 30

occlusive dressings

Back 30

protect wounds and maintain moisture to promote healing

Front 31

phototherapy

Back 31

promote shedding of the epidermis

- used in the treatment of psoriasis, vitiligo, & chronic eczema
- contraindicated with hx of herpes simplex inf., skin cancer
- after photother. pt may have pruritis and dry skin.
- assess for s/s of phototoxicity --> redness, vesicles, pain

Front 32

soaks and wet wraps

Back 32

are used to soothe, soften, and remove crusts, debris, and necrotic tissue

Front 33

topical drugs

Back 33

keratolytics(capable of dissolving keratin), antipruritis, emollients, lubricants, sunscreens, tars, antiinfectives, glucorcoticoids, antimetabolites, antihistamines, antiseborrheic agents, and vit. a derivatives