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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main two causative organisms in Skin and soft tissue infections? |
Strep Pyrogens and Staph Areus *see skin or soft tissue infection pretty much always Pyogens or Areus* |
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What layer of the soft tissue is Impetigo an infection of and what are the two main causative organisms? |
Impetigo: Infection of the Epidermis Staph Arues and Strep Pyogens |
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What is the clinical appearance of the rash that is highly suggestive of Impetigo? |
Golden crust rash on skin surface is highly suggestive of Impetigo *common in young children and rash tends to occur in exposed areas of the skin - e.g face and scalp* |
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What is the treatment for Impetigo?
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Small areas treated with Topical antibiotics Large areas treated with oral antibiotics - Flucloxacillin |
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What layer of soft tissue is Erysipelas an infection of and what is the causative organism? |
Infection of the upper dermis Most commonly due to strep pyrogens |
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What is the sings seen in Erysipelas and what part of the body does it mainly involve? |
Raised erythematous area with distinct elevated borders + associated fever and regional lymphodenopathy. Most commonly effects lower limbs or sometimes the face. Tends to occur in pre-existing areas of lymphodema. |
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What layer of soft tissue is Cellulitis an infection of and what is the causative organism? |
Cellulitis: Diffuseskin infection involving deep dermis epidermis. Most likely Strep pyrogens or staph aureus |
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What is the clinical appearance of the rash that is highly suggestive of Cellulitis? |
Spreading erytematous area with no distinct borders. Fever is common in cellulitis. |
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What are the common predisposing factors that make a patient vulnerable to developing cellulitis? |
Predisposing factors for Cellulitis: Diabetes Lymphoedema Tinea Pedis - aka Athletes foot |
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What is the treatment for Cellulitis? |
Cellulitis Treatment: A combination of anti-staphylococcal andanti-streptococcal antibiotics |
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What is the most common hair associated infection and what is the causative organism? |
Most common hair associated infection is Folliculitis. It is a pustule infection of a single hair follicle Caused by Staph Aureus |
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What is Furunculosis? |
An inflammatory infection of a single hair follicle that extends deep into dermis andsubcutaneous tissue Usually affecting moist hairy areas of body Most common cause Staphylococcus aureus |
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What is a Carbuncle Infection? |
Large abscess involving multiple adjacent hair follicles *most severe hair related infection, requires admission* |
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What are the three types of hair follicle related infections? |
Folliculitis Furnunculosis Carbuncle Infection |
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What is the treatment for hair associated infections? |
Folliculitis and Furninculosis are less severe and so require no treatment. Carbuncles often involve admission, surgery and IV antibiotics against |
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What is necrotising fasciitis and what is the causative organism? |
Flesh-eating disease occurs when bacteria enter the body through a break in the skin. Immunocompromised are vulnerable. Any site can be affected, affects the fascia and muscle layers. Caused by Strep Pyrogens infection. *why its so important to keep wounds clean* |
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There are type I and Type II narcotising fasciitis, what is the difference between the two types? |
Type I: Refers to a mixed aerobic and anaerobicinfection - e.g mix of streptococci, staphlyoccoci, enterococci Type II: Is monomicrobial, Normally associated with Strep pyogenes |
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What are the signs and symptoms of necratosing fasciatiis? |
Rapid onset Extensive oedema and severe unremitting pain Haemorrhagic bullae, skin necrosis and crepitus maydevelop Systemic features include: Fever, hypotension, tachycardia, delirium and multiorgan failure Aneathesia at the site of infection is highly suggestive |
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What factors make a patient predisposed to developing necrotising fasciitis? |
Predisposing conditions to Necratosing Fasciitis: Diabetes mellitus Surgery Trauma Peripheral vascular disease Skin popping |
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What is the treatment for narcotising fasciitis? |
IV Antibiotics should be broad spectrum -Flucloxacillin –Gentamicin –Clindamycin |
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What is Pyomyositis? |
Purulentinfection deep within striated muscle, often manifesting as an abscess. Infectionis often secondary to seeding into damaged muscle If untreated can lead to septic shock and death Commonsites include–Thigh–Calf–Arms |
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What is the causative organism in Pyomyositis? What is the treatment? |
Staph Aureus Treatment is drainage with antibioticcover depending on Gram stain and culture results.
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What is septic bursitis? |
Infection of bursea surrounding joints. Infection often comes from the skin surrounding the joints. If you see a swollen joint then think could be septic bursitis. |
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What is the diagnostic investigationfor septic bursitis? |
Diagnosis is from aspiration of fluid from joint - containing staph aureus. |
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What is infectious Tenosynovitis? |
Infection of the synovial sheatsthat surround tendons Flexor muscle-associated tendons andtendon sheatsof the hand most commonly involved Penetrating trauma most common incitingevent Most common cause Staph aureus and streptococci |
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What is the diagnostic criteria for Staphylococcal Toxic shock Syndrome? |
Fever Hypotension Diffuse macular rash Almost always associated with presence ofStreptococci in deep seated infections such as erysipelas or necrotisingfasciitis |
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What infections are associated with IV canular insertion? |
Most common organism is Staph aureus(MSSA and MRSA) |
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What is the management for a patient that has a IV catheter/canular assoiicated infection? |
Treatmentis to remove cannula Expressany pus from the thrombophlebitis Antibioticsfor 14 days Echocardiogram *prevention is best treatment, change canula every 72 hours, don't leave inserted if isnt being used* |
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What bacteria are the most common cause of surgical site infections? |
Staph aureus (incl MSSA and MRSA) Also Coagulasenegative Staphylococci Enterococcus Escherichiacoli *if hospital acquired infection, first thing you think of is Staph aureus (MRSA)* |
