Sierra College, Human Development, Midterm 2 Infancy

Front 1

Which part of the body develops more rapidly for Infants?

Back 1

The Head
It develops more rapidly then the lower part of the body

Front 2

What is the typical height of a baby by the end of their first year, and the second year?

Back 2

32 inches by first year,

which is 50% greater than that at birth. By 2 years 75%

Front 3

How much does birth weight increase for a baby by 5 months and 1 year compared to birth?

Back 3

5 months = Doubled

1 year = Trippled

Front 4

Pound for pound, an infant's energy needs are ________ of an Adult?

Back 4

Twice that

Front 5

World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding until ________ with solids at ______?

Back 5

until 2 years with solids at 6 months.

Front 6

Hearing

Babies prefer ________ and therefor "screen out" sounds by 6-8 months not heard in ______?

(Same term for both)

Back 6

Native toungue

Front 7

Hearing

Babies are sensitive to what kind of ranges?

Back 7

High and Low ranges

Front 8

Hearing

By what time can babies determine where sound is coming from?

Back 8

By One Year

Front 9

How many Neurons are babies born with?

Back 9

100-200 Billion

Front 10

Brain development

Where do Neurons come together?

Back 10

Not tightly packed......gaps, or "synapses"

Front 11

Brain Development

When do the synapses increase at a rapid rate for a baby?

Back 11

The first 2 years

Front 12

Bran development

Neurons stimulated by _________ continue to establish synapses

Back 12

Environment

Front 13

Brain development

What is the term for when neurons that are seldom lose their synapses?

Back 13

Synaptic Pruning

Front 14

Brain Development

brain growth is explained by __________, a fatty sheath that insulates neural fibers?

Back 14

Myelination

Front 15

brain development

At birth, brain is __% of adult weigh. At 2, its is __% of adult weight.

Back 15

birth = 30% 2 = 70%

Front 16

What is the "Cephalocaudal" growth trend?

Back 16

"Head to Tail"

The head develops more rapidly than the lower part of the body.

Front 17

What is habituation?

Back 17

Gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation

"when we learn to tune out non-essential stimuli and focus on the things that really demand attention."

Front 18

Cognitive Development

at 18 months children have Make believe play. What is Make believe play?

Back 18

Children can act out everyday and imaginary activities with concrete objects.

Front 19

Earliest Communication Progression

What is "Non-linguistic" communication for babies?

Back 19

Crying, sounds, facial expressions, and gestures

Front 20

Earliest Communication Progression

at 2 months children start "Cooing" What is Cooing?

Back 20

Vowel Like noises

Front 21

Earliest Communication Progression

Infants often use two-word utterances. what does the term "Telegraphic speech" mean?

Back 21

use of short and precise words without grammatical Markers

"I have to go" ---- "I hago"

"when people sent telegrams it cost per word so they often put the words together"

Front 22

Earliest Communication Progression

What are the most common words that infants first use?

Back 22

These are mostly nouns and action words. they represent objects/people that can act or produce a change.

Front 23

Language Development

What is Recasting?

Back 23

restructuring inaccurate speech into correct form

Front 24

Language Development

What is Expanding?

Back 24

elaborating on a child's speech increasing its complexity

Front 25

Language Development

what is Labeling?

Back 25

Identifying names of objects

Front 26

What is "Object Permanence"?

Back 26

Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen,or touched

Front 27

What is Language Over-extension?

Back 27

when infants apply words to broadly, like saying "dad" to multiple men

Front 28

What are the 4 emotions that receive the most attention?

Back 28

Happiness

Anger

Sadness

Fear

Front 29

What is Social Referencing?

Back 29

When Babies actively seek emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

When a child is playing and falls down, the child will look at the caregivers reaction to see how severe the situation is.

Front 30

what is Self awareness?

Back 30

A child's ability to identify themselves as a person or in a context.

around 1 – 3 years. The child begins to know her own name and refer to herself by name. The child will begin to look in the mirror and realize she is looking at herself. She will also make clearer her own likes and dislikes, needs and wishes.

Front 31

what is a social smile?

Back 31

Sometimes a smile in the early weeks of life is simply a sign that your little bundle is passing gas. But starting between 6 and 8 weeks of life, babies develop a "social smile" -- an intentional gesture of warmth meant just for you.

Front 32

What is temperament?

Back 32

early appearing, stable individual differences in re-activity and self regulation

Front 33

Emergence of self emotions

what are 5 higher ordered basic emotions that emerge around 18 to 24 months

Back 33

guilt, shame, embarrassment, envy, and pride