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120 Cards in this Set
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amantadine
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tx Parkinson's
antiviral drug for influenza -> who would have thought? enhances synthesis, release and re-uptake of DA unless DA release is already at a maximum less efficacious than levodopa tolerance develops faster good for rigidity and bradykinesia |
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antimuscarinic agents
benztropine trihexyphenidyl biperiden |
tx Parkinson's
blocking cholinergic transmission -> effects similar to augmentation of DA transmission (creates an imbalance in DA/ACh ratio) |
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bromocriptine
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tx Parkinson's
DA agonist used w/ levodopa must be built up slowly over 2-3 mo, serious side effects include: hallucinations, confusion, delirium, nausea, orthostatic hypotension, worsens MI and ulcers |
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carbidopa
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tx Parkinson's
DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor that doesn't cross BBB it increases the action of levodopa and diminishes its side effects |
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deprenyl (selegiline)
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tx Parkinson's
inhibits MAOB -> dec metabolism of DA -> inc levels may prolong the period before severe symptoms set in |
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levodopa
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tx Parkinson's
DA precursor that enters CNS and is decarboxylated to DA also greatly decarboxylated in periphery unless co-administered w/ carbidopa side effects -> nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, hypotension |
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pramipexole
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tx Parkinson's
non-ergot DA agonists alleviate the motor deficitis in levodopa-naive patients and patients taking levodopa less side effects |
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ropinirole
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tx Parkinson's
non-ergot DA agonist alleviate the motor deficits in levodopa-naive patients and patietns taking levodopa less side effects |
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tolcapone
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tx Parkinson's
nitrocatechol derivative- selectively and reversibly inhibits both peripheral and central COMT reduces the on-off phenomenon |
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excitatory pathways
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excitatory neuron releases NE or ACh ->
bind to receptor on post-synaptic membrane -> transient inc in Na permeability -> Na influx -> slight depolarization or EPSP |
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inhibitory pathways
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inhibitory neuron releases GABA or glycine ->
binds to receptor on post-synaptic membrane -> transient inc in K and Cl permeability -> Cl influx and K efflux -> slight hyperpolarization or IPSP |
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pyridoxine
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B6
increases peripheral breakdown of levodopa |
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MAOIs and levodopa
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hypertensive crisis
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levodopa and glaucoma
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can make glaucoma worse
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levodopa and anti-psychotics
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have opposing actions -> don't give them to the same patient
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aprazolam
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benzo anxiolytic-
when GABA binds its receptor -> opens Cl channel -> Cl influx -> hyperpolarization the benzos bind a separate receptor that enhances GABA's affinity for its receptor |
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chlordiazepoxide
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benzo anxiolytic
tx alcohol withdrawal long acting |
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clonazepam
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benzo anxiolytic
tx epilepsy |
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clorazepate
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benzo anxiolytic
tx alcohol withdrawal long acting |
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diazepam
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benzo anxiolytic
tx grand mal seizures, alcohol withdrawal |
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lorazepam
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benzo anxiolytic
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quazepam
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benzo hypnotic
long acting |
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midazolam
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benzo hypnotic
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estazolam
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benzo hypnotic
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flurazopam
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benzo hypnotic
tx sleep disorder- long acting |
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temazepam
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benzo hypnotic
tx sleep disorder- int acting- inability to stay asleep |
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triazolam
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benzo hypnotic
tx sleep disorder- short acting- difficulty in getting to sleep |
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buspirone
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anxiolytic
tx GAD affinity for D2 and serotonin receptors no anticonvulsant or muscle relaxant properties |
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hydroxyzine
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anxiolytic
anti-histamine w/ antiemetic activity great for drug addicts and for sedation before dental work or surgery |
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zolpidem
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anxiolytic
acts on bezo receptors - has no muscle relaxing or anticonvulsant properties side effects include nightmares |
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flumazenil
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benzo antagonist
GABA receptor antagonist admin may precipitate withdrawal in dependent patients |
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amobarbital
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barbituate
short acting |
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phenobarital
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barbituate
long term management of tonic-clonic seizures long acting |
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pentobarbital
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barbituate
short acting |
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secobarbital
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barbituate
short acting |
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thiopental
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barbituate
short acting- good to induce anesthesia |
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antihistamines
diphenhydramine doxylamine |
sedatives
good for very mild insomnia |
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chloral hydrate
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sedative
derivative of acetaldehyde -> converted to trichloroethanol induces sleep in 30 minutes and lasts about 6 hours |
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ethanol
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sedative
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disulfiram
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inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase
(antabuse) |
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amphetamine
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psychomotor stimulant
riases intracellular stores of catecholamines and blocks MAO major actions due to release of DA, not NE tx ADD overdose tx w/ chlorpromazine |
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caffeine
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psychomotor stimulant
a methylxanthine |
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cocaine
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psychomotor stimulant
prolongation of DA action produces intense euphoria used therapeutically as topical anesthetic (blocks voltage gated Na channels) vasoconstriction causes necrosis and perforation of nasal septum |
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methylphenidate
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psychomotor stimulant
tx narcolepsy (an amphetamine) |
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nicotine
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psychomotor stimulant
2nd to caffeine as most widely used stimulant 2nd to alcohol as most widely abused drug |
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theobromine
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psychomotor stimulant
a methylxanthine found in coco |
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theophylline
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psychomotor stimulant
a methylxanthine found in tea |
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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
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psychotomimetic
acts at presynaptic 5-HT receptors haloperidol can shorten its action |
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phencyclidine (PCP)
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psychotomimetic
inhibits reuptake of DA, serotonin and NE also anticholinergic (yet it causes salivation) an analog of ketamine produces dissociative anesthesia (insensitivity to pain, without loss of consciousness) and analgesia |
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tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
dronabinol |
psychotomimetic
high dose may lead to psychosis tx severe emesis in cancer patients |
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anticholinergics
scopolamine |
preanesthetic medication
prevent bradycardia and secretion of fluids into respiratory tract |
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antiemetics
dropendol |
preanesthetic medication
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antihistamines
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preanesthetic medication
prevention of allergic reactions (diphenhydramine) or to decrease gastric acidity (cimetidine) |
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barbituates
phenobarbital |
preanesthetic medication
for sedation thiopental (fast acting short lived barbituate) helps avoid stage II of anesthesia |
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benzodiazepines
diazepam |
preanesthetic medication
relieves anxiety and facilitates amnesia |
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opiods
fentanyl |
preanesthetic medication
for analgesia |
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atracurium
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mm relaxant
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succinylcholine
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mm relaxant
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vecuronium
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mm relaxant
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enflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
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halothane
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inhaled anesthetic
best agent in pediatrics, bronchial sm mm relaxation good for patients w/ asthma reduces hepatic and renal blood flow, lowers BP, sensitizes myocardium to actions of catecholamines, hepatic toxicity and arrhythmias |
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isoflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
good mm relaxant, rapid recovery, stability of CO, does no raise intracranial pressure, no sensitization of myocardium |
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methoxyflurone
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inhaled anesthetic
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nitrous oxide
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inhaled anesthetic
good analgesia, rapid onset/recovery, safe, nonirritating incomplete anesthesia, no mm relaxation |
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sevoflurane
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inhaled anesthetic
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amitriptyline
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TCA
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amoxapine
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TCA- 2nd gen
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desipramine
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TCA
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doxepine
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TCA
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imipramine
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TCA
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maprotiline
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TCA- 2nd gen
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nortriptyline
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TCA
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protriptyline
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TCA
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trimipramine
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TCA
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fluoxetine
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SSRI
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fluvoxamine
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SSRI
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nefazodone
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SSRI
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paroxetine
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SSRI
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sertraline
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SSRI
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trazodone
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SSRI
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venlafaxine
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SSRI
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isocarboxazid
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MAOI
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phenelzine
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MAOI
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tranylcypromine
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MAOI
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lithium salts
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drugs used to treat mania
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chlorpromazine
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phenothiazine (neuroleptic)<br />lots of adverse effects
tx hiccups |
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fluphenazine
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phenothiazine (neuroleptic)
available as slow release |
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prochlorperazine
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phenothiazine (neuroleptic)
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promethazine
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phenothiazine (neuroleptic)
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thioridazine
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phenothiazine (neuroleptic)<br />strong muscarinic antagonist
good anti-emetic |
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risperidone
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benzisoxazole (neuroleptic)
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clozapine
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dibenzodiazepine (neuroleptic)
agranulocytosis |
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haloperidol
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butyrophernone (neuroleptic)
little adrenergic or muscarinic activity; available as slow release |
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thiothixene
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thioxanthene (neuroleptic)
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fentanyl
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opiod agonist
80x analgesic potential of morphine, short duration of action (anesthesiologists get addicted to this stuff) |
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heroin
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opiod agonist
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meperidine
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opiod agonist
tx acute pain |
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methadone
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opiod agonist
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morphine
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opiod agonist<br /><br />miosis via Edinger-Westphal<br />emesis via trigger zone<br /><br />not for asthmatics (releases histamine)
morphine-6-glucoronide = potent morphine-3-glucoronide = not potent |
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sufentanil
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opiod agonist
even more potent than fentanyl |
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codeine
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opiod agonist (moderate)
(** in most new cough medicines, codeine has been replaced w/ detromethorphan) |
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propoxyphene
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opiod agonist (moderate)
dextro-isomer -> for pain levo isomer -> antitussive (VERY bad when taken w/ alcohol and even naloxone can't overcome the cardiotoxicity) |
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buprenorphine
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mixed opiod agonist/antagonist
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pentazocine
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mixed opiod agonist/antagonist
can induce withdrawal in morphine addicts |
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naloxone
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opiod antagonist
tx overdose (works within 30 seconds! to relieve respiratory depression and coma) may produce withdrawal sx in morphine or heroin abusers |
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naltrexone
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opiod antagonist
blocks the effect of injected heroin for up to 48 hours -> used to tx opiate-dependence |
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carbamazepine
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anti-epileptic<br /><br />partial simple<br />partial complex<br />tonic clonic
can cause bone marrow suppression |
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clonazepam
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anti-epileptic
myoclonic |
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corazepate
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anti-epileptic
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diazepam
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anti-epileptic
status epilepticus |
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ethosuximide
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anti-epileptic<br /><br />absence
can cause Stevens-Johnson |
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gabapentin
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anti-epileptic
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lamotrigine
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anti-epileptic (new)
inhibits glutamate and aspartate release bloks Na channels |
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phenobarbital
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anti-epileptic<br /><br />febrile seizures in children
causes sedation |
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phenytoin
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anti-epileptic
partial simple partial complex grand mal status epilepticus |
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primidone
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anti-epileptic
phenobarbital is its metabolite |
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tiagabine
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anti-epileptic
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topiramate
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anti-epileptic
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valproic acid
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anti-epileptic
myoclonic |
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viagabatrin
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anti-epileptic
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