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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What clinical parameters define AIDS?
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1. positive HIV test
plus 2. <200 CD4 T cell count or, AIDS defining opp. infxn or, AIDS assoc malignancies or, HIV compl. infxns |
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Define intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and tests
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1. Intrinsic: XII to XI to X to X to II to I to clot, test is PTT
2. Extrinsic: VII to X to II to I to clot, test is PT |
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What are the signs and symptoms of von Willebrand Disease? inheritance pattern?
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1. bleeding from small cuts, easy bruising; INC menstrual bleeding; INC PTT & bleeding time
2. autosomal dominant |
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What is DIC? what is it initiated by? how does it affect clotting cascade?
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-coagulation w/in blood vessel lumens followed by mucosal bleeding
-a ds of sponatneous activation of coagulation cascade w/ resulting intravascular coagulation & organ ischemia & consumption of clotting factors to yeild mucosal bleeding; may be fatal -can be initiated by endotoxins, dead tissue, certain forms of AML -initially proonged PTT w/ INC d-dimer, then prolonged PT |
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What are the s/s of TTP?
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1. severe thrombocytopenia
2. schistocytes: helmet cells, triangular RBCs 3. evidence of hemolysis 4. fever 5. ischemic organ damage |
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What is G6PD?
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RBCs cannot form NADH in the pentose phosphate pathway and undergo lysis due to damage from free radicals
the MC enzymopathy |
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What amino acid substitution occurs on sickle cell anemia?
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valine for glutamate
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LIst the causes of warm and cold agglutinin Ds
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WARM: drugs, malignancies, SLE
COLD: Mycoplasma pneumonia, mononucleosis, lymphoma, *50% are idiopathic |
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What are the causes of megaloblastic anemia?
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DEC DNA synthesis ability due to B12 or folate def, antineoplastic use, or microbes/drugs that limit folate/B12 availability
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What is Plummer-Vinson anemia?
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due to low grade, long-term iron deficiency
results in esophageal webs that cause dysphagia for solids, not liquids |
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What are some causes of DEC production of neutrophils?
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bone marrow ds
chemotherapy HIV-1 infxn other drugs that affect the bone marrow Vit B12 or folate def |
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What are some causes of neutrocytosis?
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acute inflammation
acute infxns of any type bacterial infxns certain cancers leukemia for neutrophils |
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What type of leukemia is Philadelphia Ch associated with?
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CML
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What type of leukemia has TRAP and CD25 markers present?
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hairy cell leukemia
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