Sepsis

Front 1

acute phase proteins

Back 1

secretory pro in liver that are altered in response to injury or infection; positive acute phase proteins, c-reactive protein, alpha-antitrypsin, fibronectin are increased; negative acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulin G and M, complement, transthyretin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, albumin are decreased

Front 2

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Back 2

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that acts primarily on the adrenal cortex, thus stimulating its growth and secretion of corticosteroids

Front 3

bacterial translocation

Back 3

morphologic changes from acute insult to the GI that allow entry of bacteria from the gut lumen into body; assoc w systemic inflammatory response that may contribute to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Front 4

catecholamines

Back 4

hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine rel by adrenal medulla in response to shock and higher glucagon/insulin ratio; stimulate hepatic glycogenolysis, fat mobilization and gluconeogenesis

Front 5

cortison

Back 5

glucocorticoid released by adrenal cortex

Front 6

cytokines

Back 6

proinflammatory pro released by macrophages that act as mediators of shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and sepsis; examples include tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6

Front 7

ebb phase

Back 7

initial response to bodily insult characterized by lower blood pressure, cardiac output, body temp, oxygen consumption; assoc w hypovolemia, hypoperfusion, and lactic acidosis

Front 8

flow phase

Back 8

a neuroendocrine response to physiologic stress that follows the abb phase; characterized by hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism

Front 9

glasgow coma scale

Back 9

system for determining the degree of neurologic insult and a patients level of consciousness by assessing responses to eye opening and motor and verbal response

Front 10

glutamine

Back 10

amino acid that is the preferential fuel for enterocytes in the gut mucosa, especially during stress; it enhances cell mass and the height of the mucosal villi

Front 11

growth hormone

Back 11

anabolic agent mediated by IGF-1; thought to accelerate growth in children and improve protein synthesis in injured patients

Front 12

gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Back 12

component of gut intestinal mucosal barrier that may protect against multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; contains 40% of immune effector cells in body

Front 13

hemodynamic

Back 13

relating to physiologic processes involving blood flow in circulation; blood pressure and cardiac output are key components in hemodynamic stability

Front 14

ileus

Back 14

loss of intestinal peristalsis or lack of effective coordinated peristalsis

Front 15

interleukin-1

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cytokine mediator induced by tumor necrosis factor and produced by endothelial cells and monocytes; induces fever by stimulating prostaglandin production

Front 16

MODS

Back 16

multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; from direct injury traume, disease or response to inflammation; the response usually is in an organ remote from original site of infection or injury

Front 17

sepis

Back 17

systematic response to the identifiable infectious agent

Front 18

shock

Back 18

sudden disturbance of mental equilibrium; hemodynamic and metabolic disturbance characterized by failure of circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs

Front 19

structured lipid

Back 19

fat composed of rearranged triglycerides that contain both med & long chain FA; may improve hepatic pro synthesis and reduce pro catabolism and energy expenditure

Front 20

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Back 20

SIRS; sepsis that occurs without evidence of invasive bacterial or fungal infection; can result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Front 21

tumor necrosis factor

Back 21

cytokine produced by activated cells, kupffer cells in liver, and macrophages that is stimulated by endotoxin or by bacterial, viral, and fungal infection; initiates an inflammatory response and stimulates skeletal muscle catabolism