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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy of the human eye |
* anterior chamber * posterior chamber * vitreous chamber |
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Myopia = |
nearsightedness |
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Hyperopia = |
farsightedness |
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optic vesicle |
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_____________ occur from the thickenings of the anterior surface ectoderm surrounding the presumptive neural plate |
Placodes |
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Placodes generate sensory neurons that populate cranial ganglia/cranial nerves in conjunction w/ cranial neural ___________ derivatives |
crest |
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Cranial placode induction requires transient ______ signalling then _________ signalling |
* Wnt * BMP |
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Neural crest induction requirest ______ signalling the both _____ + _____ signalling |
* Wnt * Wnt + BMP |
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Lens is derived from optic (lens) __________ |
placode |
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Retna is _________ __________ derived |
neural tube |
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Optic (lens) placode forms the lens vesicle, then the _______ |
lens |
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Optic vesicle evaginates into the optic cup, then the _____________ |
retina |
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Section of the _________ neural plate will become the retina. This is called _____ field |
* anterior * eye |
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___________ ___________ transcription factor expression required in the eye field for eye development |
retinal homeobox (Rx) |
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_____ derived from prechordal plate necessary for ____________ the eye field/forebrain into two parts |
* Shh * splitting |
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Shh mutations or environmental manipulation lead to varying degrees of |
* cyclopia (single eye) * holoprosencephaly (single cerebral lobe) |
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Optic vesicle and lens placode utilize _____ signalling to coordinate development |
FGF |
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_________________ surrounds the developing eyeball (optic globe) between the 5th and 7th weeks fo form the choroid and sclera |
mesenchyme |
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_____________ precursor cells are derived from migratory neural ____________ |
* corneal * crest |
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Cells degrade nuclei and express ____________ to become transparent |
crystallins |
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Ocular defects of they eyelids, lens, cornea, iris, ciliary body, zonules, choroid, retina and optic nerve |
colobomas |
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Optic cup ________ layer differentiates into the retina |
inner |
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Meticulously traced and studied retinal neurons using silver staining |
Santiago Ramon y Cajal |
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Anatomical terms for ear |
* external ear * middle ear * internal ear |
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otic ________ envaginates to form the otic vesicle |
placode |
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The otic _________ appears in the surface ectoderm late in the 3rd week |
placode |
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By day 25, the placode invaginates to form the otic _____- |
pit |
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By the end of the 4th week, continued invagination forms the otic ______, which quickly detaches from the surface ectoderm |
vesicle |
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cranial neural crest generate ___________ ossicles |
auditory |
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auditory ossicles are a chain of small _____ in the middle ear |
bones |
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Transmits sound to the inner ear |
auditory ossicles |
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Waardenbur syndrome is due to neural _____ defects and can cause hearing loss |
crest |
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The basilar membrane in the cochlea is line w/ ____ cells responsible for converting mechanical vibration into a chemical signal that stimulates your auditory nerve |
hair |
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______ is a genetic mediator of congenital hearing loss |
DFNB1 |
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_____________ - gap junctions that regulate K+ homeostasis |
Connexin 26 disruption can lead to damage of hair cells |
