Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sensation |
Senses are physically triggered by a stimulus |
|
|
Perception |
Brains interpretation of environment based on triggers |
|
|
Method of limits |
Hearing test. Stimuli of different intensities presented in ascending to descending order. Cross over point is threshold. |
|
|
Method of adjustments |
Same as limits controlled by participant. Intensity adjusted until observer responds. Average trial brings about threshold |
|
|
Method of constant stimuli |
5-9 stimuli of different intensities are presented in random order. Detection of 50% trials equals threshold. |
|
|
Method of magnitude estimation |
Everyone is above the threshold. Observer compares standard stimulus to test. Assigns numbers. |
|
|
Response compression |
As intensity increases, perceived magnitude increase slowly. |
|
|
Response expansion |
As intensity increases perceived magnitude increase more quickly than intensity. |
|
|
Absolute threshold |
Minimal amount of stimulation necessary for a person to detect stimuli. Stimulus presence or absence. |
|
|
Jnd just noticeable difference |
Minimal difference of 2 stimuli that can be correctly distinguished from each other. |
|
|
Weber r fraction |
If an individual was able to tell difference between 40 and 41g. They would be able to discriminate 400 from 410. Fixed radio for different senses. Weight 1:40 vision 1:100 |
|
|
Afferent nerves |
Sensory neurons transduce signals. Vision, hearing, touch |
|
|
Efferent |
Motor neurons. Generate response in muscle glands. |
|
|
Interneurons |
Transmit and process signals. Inhibit or facilitate other nerves to fire. |
|
|
Visual search |
Searching for stimuli. Observers look for one stimuli in a set of many where's Waldo? |
|
|
How is light conceptualized? |
As a wave when it travels. As a particle stream of phonetics when absorbed. |
|
|
Reflection |
Like a mirror. Light hits object and bounces off. |
|
|
Refraction |
Bended transparent light. Based on speed that light travels. |
|
|
What is nm range for visual spectrum? |
400-700 blue-red |
|
|
Far point |
Distance when light becomes focused past which focus is impossible without artificial correction. |
|
|
Near point |
Distance at which the natural lens can no longer adjust for a closer object |
|
|
Photoreceptors |
Pigments are made and stored. Rods and cones. |
|
|
Rods |
90 million. Night vision. High sensitivity. No color. Peripheral. |
|
|
Cones |
5 million. Daylight. Low sensitivity. |
|
|
2 main components of visual pigment |
Opsin- large protein Retinal- light sensitive molecule |
|
|
Retinal isomerization |
Retinal changes its shape when it absorbs light |
|
|
Opsin |
Separates from retinal. Must recombine before cell can fire to light again. |
|
|
Myopia |
Inability to see distant objects. Image focused in front of retina |
|
|
Hyperopia |
Inability to see nearby objects. Focus behind retina |
|
|
Presbyopia |
"Old eye" distance of near point increases. |
|
|
Cataracts |
Transparent lens. Composition of crystalline proteins. |
|
|
Astigmatism |
Shape of cornea not symmetrical. Light not focused correctly. |
|
|
Blind spot |
Place where optic nerve leaves the eye. No receptors |
|
|
Rods and cones send signals vertically through? |
Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, ganglion axons. |
|
|
Sine waves |
Basic building blocks for understanding visual and auditory perception. Defined by amplitude and frequency. Shape is sinusoidial. |
|
|
Grating stimuli |
Alternating dark and light bars |
|
|
From retinal to brain |
Travel through optic nerve. Optic chiasm where inner visual fields cross. Lgn, primary visual receiving area occipital. Then temporal and parietal. Then finally to frontal. |
