Sensation And Perception 2

Front 1

Auditory oathway

Back 1

Cochlea to auditory nerve to primary auditory cortex

Front 2

Tonitopic organization

Back 2

Organization of neurons according to the frequencies to which they respond

Front 3

Sounds of analysis:what and where system

Back 3

What: frontal and temporal lobe

Where: auditory core region, parietal lobe and occipital lobe

Front 4

Ear anatomy

Back 4

Front 5

Ossicles amplify sound

Back 5

necessary so that air vibrations in outer and middle ear can lead to fluid vibrations in inner ear

Front 6

Pitch waves

Back 6

Front 7

Arnorlds reflex

Back 7

Occurs on 2% of people

Stimulation in auditory canal Results in cough

More common in women

Front 8

Ninaraul cue: internal time difference

Back 8

Uses the time it takes sound to reach left and right ear to localize sound

Effective for low cues

Front 9

Binaural cue: interaural level difference

Back 9

Uses difference in sound levels that reach both ears

Effective for high frequency cues

Front 10

Cone of confusion

Back 10

Front 11

Monaural spectral cue

Back 11

Unique fold of pine reflect sound into ear canal differently depending on angle.

Spectrum of frequency at as a signature for sound localization at different levels

Front 12

Human echolocation

Back 12

Activation in both auditory and visual cotices.

Echolocation is used to navigate(when blind)

Sighted people can be trained to use echolocation basics

Front 13

Binaural beats

Back 13

An illusory pulsing sound when two different frequencies are presented go each ear

They impact brain function.

Not a lot of research to back it up

Hint 13

Could relieve anxiety

Front 14

Monaural vs binaural

Back 14

Front 15

Temporal segregation

Back 15

Sounds occur at the same time are grouped together.

Sound alternating quickly are grouped separately

Front 16

Spatial segregation

Back 16

Sounds that come from same location are grouped together

Sound that come from different locations are grouped seperate

Front 17

Spectral segregation

Back 17

Sounds that overlap in frequency are grouped together

Sounds that do not over lap are grouped separately

Front 18

Vowels

Back 18

Speech with Unrestricted air flow

Front 19

Consonants

Back 19

Speech sounds with restricted airflow

Front 20

Place of articulation

Back 20

Where restriction occurs

Hint 20

B vs D

Front 21

Manner of articulation

Back 21

How restriction occurs

Hint 21

B vs F

Front 22

Voicing

Back 22

If vocal cords are vibrating

Hint 22

B vs P

Front 23

Phonemes

Back 23

Smallest significant unit of speech

40 in english

10-100 in other languages

Front 24

Morphemes

Back 24

Smallest meaningful unit of speech

Words or meaningful parts (Ing, ed, un, mis)

Millions of morphemes. New ones added all the time

Front 25

Segmentation

Back 25

No gaps in between words

Front 26

Invariance

Back 26

How we articulate phnomes. How we actually say them.

Front 27

Normalization

Back 27

Becoming use to. Depends on mood or accent of speaker

Front 28

General mechanisms

Back 28

Not special

Top down process

Speech perception occurs through same neurocognitive process as other forms

Front 29

Special mechanism throries

Back 29

Yes special

Speech perception occurs through unique neurocognitive processes from other forms of auditory perception

Front 30

Motor theory of speech perception

Back 30

We perceive speech by integrating sounds to the visuals of the mouth movement s

Front 31

NMT axample:RAS

Back 31

Technique used to help rehabilitation development and maintenance of biological movements

Use for individuals with deficits in walking/ gait abilities

Works by syncronazation of the body to an external rhythm