Sensation And Perception

Front 1

Accomodation

Back 1

The process by which the eye changes its focus (in which the lens gets after as gaze is directed towards nearer objects)

Far way objects=Flatter

Closer objects=Convexity increases

Front 2

Agnosia

Back 2

A failure to recognize objects in spite of the ability to see them

Typically due to brain damage

Front 3

Adaptation (stimuli)

Back 3

A reduction in response cauused by prior or continuing stimulation

Front 4

Acuity

Back 4

The smallest spatial detail that can be resolved (discerned as two different things/discriminated between)

Front 5

Anomia

Back 5

An inability to name objects in spite if the ability to see and recognize them (as shown by usage)

Typically due to brain damage

Front 6

Astigmatism

Back 6

A visual defect caused by the unequal curving of one or more of the refractive surfaces of the eye, usually the cornea

Front 7

Binding problem

Back 7

The challenge of tying different attributes of vidual stimuli (eg colour, orientation, motion), which are handled by different brain circuits, to the appropriate object so that we perceive a unified object (eg red, vertical, moving right)

Front 8

Contrast

Back 8

The difference in luminance between an object and the back-ground, or between lighter and darker parts of the same object

Front 9

Cristae

Back 9

singular: crista

The specialized detectors of angular motion located in each semicircular canal in a swelling called the ampulla

Front 10

Depth cues

Back 10

Information about the third dimension (depth) of visual space. Depth cues may be monocular or binocular

Front 11

Emmentropia

Back 11

The condition in which there is no refractive error, because the refractive power of the eye is perfectly matched to the length of the eyeball

Front 12

Graded potential

Back 12

An electrical potential that can vary continuously in amplitude (is "graded" to the stimulus)

Front 13

Homonculus (pl. homonculi)

Animicaulus (pl animaculi)

Back 13

A map like represnetation of regions of teh body in the brain

Front 14

Heuristic

Back 14

Mental shortcut

Front 15

Hyperopia

Back 15

A common condition in which light entering the eye is focused behind the retina

Thus the refractive power of the eye is insufficient to refract the image enough to focus it on the retina (fovea).

Is called "far sightedness" as distant objects are seen most clearly

This is because they emit/reflect mostly parallel beams which need less refraction to be focused-thus they are focused and can be seen properly

Front 16

Kinesthesis

Back 16

The perception of the position and movement of our limbs in space

Front 17

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Back 17

A structure in the thalamus that receives input from the retinal ganglion cells and has input and output connections to the visual cortex

Front 18

Lateral inhibition

Back 18

Antagonistic neural interaction between adjacent regions of the retina

Front 19

Medial geniculate nucleus

Back 19

The part of the thalamus that relays auditory signals to the temporal cortex and receives input from the auditory cortex

Front 20

Myopia

Back 20

A common condition in which light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina and distant objects cannot be seen sharply

Is known as "short sighted" as the person can only see objects near them

Is due to excessive refractive power for eyeball length leading to objects that need more refraction (eg objects emitting divergent and parallel beams-->close objects) to be seen most easily

Front 21

Neural plasticity

Back 21

The ability of neural circuits to undergo changes in function or organization as a result of previous activity

Front 22

ON bipolar cells

Back 22

Bipolar cells that respond to an increase in light captured by the cones

cf OFF bipolar cells

Front 23

ON-center cell

Back 23

A cell that depolarizes in respons eto an increase in light intensity in its receptive field center

Front 24

OFF bipolar cells

Back 24

Bipolar cells hat respond to a decrease in light captured by the cones

cf ON bipolar cells

Front 25

OFF-center cell

Back 25

A cell that depolarizes in response to a decrease in light intensity in its receptive field center

cf ON-center cell

Front 26

Pheremone

Back 26

A chemical emitted by one member of a species that triggers a physiological or behavioural response in another member of the same species. Pheremones are signals for chemical communication and do not need to have any smell

ie can cause a behavioral/physiological change yet not be perceived as an odorant/senses as an odorant

Front 27

Pinna

Back 27

The outer, funnel like part of the ear

Front 28

Prosopagnosia

Back 28

AN inability to recognize faces

Front 29

Reflect

Back 29

To redirect something that strikes a surface-especially light, sound or heat-usually back towards its point of origin

Front 30

Refract

Back 30

To alter the course of a wave of energy that passes into something from another medium, as water does to light entering it from the air

Front 31

Reaction time

Back 31

A measure of he time from the onset of a stimulus to a response

Front 32

Saccade

Back 32

A rapid movement of the eyes that change fixation from one object or location to another

Front 33

Stereopsis

Back 33

The ability to use binocular dispairty as a cue to depth

cf monocular

Front 34

Vanishing point

Back 34

The point at which parallel lines receding in depth converge

Front 35

Linear perspective

Back 35

A depth cue based on the fact that lines that are parallel in the three dimensional world will appear to converge in a two dimensional image