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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid
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any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts
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Assume
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to take as fact before having evidence
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Atom
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the smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties and identities of that element
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Base
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any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts
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Chemical Change
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a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
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Chemical Properties
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a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions
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Control
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the standard used for comparison in an experiment
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Constant
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the factor in the experiment that stays the same in all trials
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Dependent Variable
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the variable that is effected by the independent variable
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Electrons
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a subatomic particle that has a negative charge and located in the electron cloud
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Experiment
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a test or investigation of an hypothosis
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Hypothesis
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a testable idea/explanation that leads to scientific investigation
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Independent Variable
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the variable that determines the value of dependent variables
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Mass
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a measure of the amount of matter in an object
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Neutrons
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a subatomic particle that has a neutral charge and located in the middle of the atom
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Predict
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to make a guess before an experiment
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Protons
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a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and located in the middle of the atom
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Sub-Atomic Particles
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small particles that combine to make atoms
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Validity
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?
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Ionic Bond
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the attractive force between 2 oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
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Covalent Bond
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a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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Dot Diagram
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a diagram that uses dot's to represent an elements valance electrons
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Mass Gram Formula
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the molecular mass of a compound expressed in grams
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Valance Electron
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the electrons in the outer shell of an atom
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Molecule
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a group of atoms that is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and retain that substances properties
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Nucleus
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the middle of an atom made of neutrons and protons
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Isotope
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an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons
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Electron Shell
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a ring around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
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Polyatomic
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an ion made of two or more atoms
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Coefficient
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a small whole number that appears as a factor in front of a formula in a chemical equation
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Subscript
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a small number that appears after and below a element in a chemical equation
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Superscript
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a small number that appears after and above a element in a chemical equation
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Noble Gasses
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an nonreactive element located in Group 18 of the periodic table
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Combustion
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the oxidation reaction of an organic compound, in which heat is released
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Conduction
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the direct transfer of heat
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Convection
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the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat
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Density
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the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
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Electron
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a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
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Electromagnet
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a coil that has a soft iron core and that acts as a magnet when an electric current is in the coil
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Endothermic
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a reaction where energy is absorbed
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Exothermic
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a reaction where energy is released
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Gas
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a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape
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Groups
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a horizontal row on the periodic table
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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the mass in the reaction is equal to the mass in the products
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Liquid
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the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape
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Metal
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an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well
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Neutral
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not acidic of basic-with a PH of 7
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Non-Metal
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an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly and that does not form positive ions in an electrolytic solution
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Periods
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the vertical rows on the periodic table
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pH
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a value that is used to express the acidity or basicity of a system
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Physical Change
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a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
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Physical Properties
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a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness
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Product
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a substance that forms in a chemical reaction and is on the right of a chemical equation
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Radiation
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the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
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Ratio
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the proportional relation of two objects
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Reactant
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a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction and is on the Left of a chemical reaction
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Solid
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the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
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Specific Heat
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the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1ºC in a specified way given constant pressure and volume
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Synthesis
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a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound
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