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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Jacksonian Spread?
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Spread of seizure activity along motor strip
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What is a partial seizure with secondary generalization?
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Starting on one hemisphere and spreading to the other, will result in altered consciousness once bilateral involvement
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What is a simple partial seizure?
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No alteration in consciousness.
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What is a generalized seizure?
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Bilateral involvement.
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What is a generalized tonic seizure?
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Sudden muscle rigidity, may fall.
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What is a generalized tonic-clonic seizure?
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Rigidity followed by jerking.
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What is a generalized clonic seizure?
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Jerking without a rigid phase.
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What is a generalized atonic seizure?
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Loss of muscle tone.
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What is a generalized absence seizure?
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"Petit mal", fluttering eyelids, induced with hyperventilation (have the child blow on a pin-wheel to induce this)
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What is a generalized cyclonic seizure?
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Rapid, nonrhytjmic jerking; often have benign versions as falling asleep
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What is the EEG pattern of an absence seizure?
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3Hz spike and wave pattern.
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What percent of interictal EEGs will show epileptiform activity in patients with epilepsy?
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50%
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Common metabolic causes of seizures include:
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Hypoxia, hypo/hypernatremia, hypo/hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesia, uremia, liver failure
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Common drug causes of seizures:
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Antidepressants and antipsychotics
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What medication to give for absence seizures?
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Ethosuximide, valproic acid secondary
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Causes of status in patients without epilepsy history?
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Meningitis, encephalitis, large stroke, withdrawal
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Labs for status?
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CBC, CMP, pH, fingerstick
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Drugs to start with for seizures?
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Lorazepam, 2mg/min up to 8mg
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Antiepileptics to start?
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Fosphenytoin 150mg/min
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What next?
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Midazolam drip, phenobarbital drip (monitor for arrhythmias)
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What AED to avoid in pregnancy the most?
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Valproic acid
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What is Todd's paralysis?
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Transient weakness after high seizure activity.
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