Seed Plants

Front 1

monoeciuos

Back 1

both male and female parts are in the same individual

Front 2

dioecous

Back 2

male and female parts are in seperate individuals

Front 3

ovule

Back 3

female gametophyte and egg cell within it

Front 4

integument

Back 4

maternal sporophyte tissue

Front 5

tracheids

Back 5

gaps in their secondary cell walls that helps transport water throughout plants

Front 6

transpiration

Back 6

force that forces water up through stem of plant

Front 7

lignin

Back 7

organic substance that, with cellulose, forms the chief part of woody tissue.

Front 8

fiber cells

Back 8

long sylem cells with thick lignified secondary walls specialized for strictly a support function

Front 9

parenchyma cells

Back 9

living, nucleate, and unspecialized cells

Front 10

sieve tube elements

Back 10

living tublar shaped cells but lack a nucleus

Front 11

cambium

Back 11

layer of delicate meristematic tissue between the inner bark or phloem and the wood or xylem, which produces new phloem on the outside and new xylem on the inside in stems, roots, etc., originating all secondary growth in plants and forming the annual rings of wood

Front 12

vascular bundles

Back 12

arrangement of strands of xylem and phloem, and sometimes cambium, that forms the fluid-conducting channels of vascular tissue in the rhizomes, stems, and leaf veins of vascular plants, the arrangement varying with the type of plant.

Front 13

phloem vs. xylem

Back 13

phloem: conducts sugars/ organic compunds from leaves to rest ofplant

sylem: conducts water/ minerals from roots to rest of plant, provides support (skeleton)

protostele: phloem surrounding xylem core
siphonostele: xylem and phloem surround pith
eustele: discrete vascular bundles surround pith

Front 14

cork

Back 14

secondary tissue produced by the cork cambium, and forms the outer part of the periderm in a woody plant..

Front 15

cork cambium

Back 15

Tissue in the stem of a plant that gives rise to cork on its outer surface and a layer of cells containing chlorophyll on its inner surface

Front 16

rhizome

Back 16

modified stem

Front 17

staminate cones vs. ovuliferous cones

Back 17

staminate: male plants produce staminate cones and have microsporophylls (scales) with microsporangia (pollen sacs) on underside

ovuliferous cones: female plants produce ovuliferous cones

Front 18

deciduous

Back 18

loose/renew leaves every year

Front 19

seed plants are heterosporous (2 spores)

Back 19

microsporangia>microspore> male gametophyte> sperm

megasporangia>megaspore>female gametophyte> egg


sporangium>spores>bisexual gametophyte>egg/sperm

Front 20

Adaptions for success on dry land

Back 20

-reduction in size of gametophytes
-increased protection
-pollination (no swimming sperm)
-dispersal mechanisms:
-wind, water, and animals
-vascular tissue and secondary growth
-tugor pressure for support

Front 21

how do trees grow?

Back 21

-meristems:
-apical: shoots and roots
-cambium: girth
-formation of secondary sylem to the inside of the vascular cambium pushes on and breaks up the tree bark as it adds girth to the tree

Front 22

Gymnospores characteristics

Back 22

-heterosporous
-mega (female)
-micro (male)
-sporophyte dominant
-monoecious or dioecious

Front 23

Phylum Cycadophyta

Back 23

-dioecious
-mega- and micro-
-sporophyte
-sporophyll
-sporoangia

Front 24

phylum ginkgophyta

Back 24

-dioecoius
-distinctive leaf and twig

ginkgo biloba

Front 25

phylum coniferophyta

Back 25

-evergreens such as cedar, juniper, and spruce
-leaves modified
-needles and resin
-monoecious

pinue

Front 26

phylum gnetophyta

Back 26

-dioecious
-double fertilization

Front 27

double fertilization

Back 27

1st sperm fertilizes> zygote(2n)>young sporophyte embryo

2nd sperm nucleas fuses with large central cell in center of female gametophyte
>endosperm (3m)>>food supply
>integuments (2n)>>seed coat

Front 28

nonvascular plants and most seedless vascular plants are...

Back 28

homosporous (one spore)