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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is weathering |
Physical disintegration/ chemical decomposition of pre-existing rocks |
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What is mechanical weathering? |
Rocks broken down into smaller pieces |
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What is chemical weathering? |
Alteration of internal structure by removing/ adding elements |
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What are examples of mechanical weathering? |
Frost wedging Unloading Biological activity (ex. Clam boring) |
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What is an example of chemical weathering? |
Weak acids (such as carbonic acid rain/ ground water H2CO3) react with minerals to destroy their crystalline structure |
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What is dissolution an example of? |
Mechanical weathering |
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What is dissolution an example of? |
Mechanical weathering |
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What is dissolution? |
A common form of mechanical weathering, it is the process of dissolving into a homogeneous solution, as when an acidic solution dissolves limestone |
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What is dissolution an example of? |
Mechanical weathering |
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What is dissolution? |
A common form of mechanical weathering, it is the process of dissolving into a homogeneous solution, as when an acidic solution dissolves limestone |
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What is an example of a water-solvable mineral? |
Halite |
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How does the rust red colour of some rocks form? |
Oxidation |
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How does the rust red colour of some rocks form? |
Oxidation |
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What is hydrolysis? |
A chemical weathering process in which minerals are altered by chemically reacting with water and acids |
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What is decomposed primarily by hydrolysis? |
Silicates |
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What is lithification? |
The conversion of sediment into rock (changes in texture, composition, physical prop after deposition of sediment) |
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What is lithification? |
The conversion of sediment into rock (changes in texture, composition, physical prop after deposition of sediment) |
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What are the four steps or lithification? |
1) compaction 2) desiccation 3) cementation 4) crystallization |
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What are the 3 classifications of sedimentary rock? |
1) detrial 2) chemical 3) organic |
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What are detrial sedimentary rocks? |
Solid particles (mineral/ rocks) from weathered rocks (Look at grain size and roundness) |
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What are detrial sedimentary rocks? |
Solid particles (mineral/ rocks) from weathered rocks (Look at grain size and roundness) |
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What are chemical Sedimentary rocks? |
Soluble material (chemical weathering) are re-precipitated (Inorganic or biochemical) |
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What are organic sedimentary rocks? |
Carbon rich remains of organisms (eg. Coal) |
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What are the 3 sizes of particles in sedimentary rocks? |
1) gravel size 2) sand size 3) fine-grained particles |
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What is a sedimentary environment? |
Geographic setting where sediment is accumulating |
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What is a sedimentary environment? |
Geographic setting where sediment is accumulating |
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What are continental sedimentary environments? |
Alluvial fan, fluvial river, lacustrine, deserts, glacial, swamp, evaporative lake |
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What is a sedimentary environment? |
Geographic setting where sediment is accumulating |
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What are continental sedimentary environments? |
Alluvial fan, fluvial river, lacustrine, deserts, glacial, swamp, evaporative lake |
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What are transitional environments for sedimentary rocks? |
Deltas, beaches and barrier islands, lagoons, tidal flats |
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What is a sedimentary environment? |
Geographic setting where sediment is accumulating |
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What are continental sedimentary environments? |
Alluvial fan, fluvial river, lacustrine, deserts, glacial, swamp, evaporative lake |
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What are transitional environments for sedimentary rocks? |
Deltas, beaches and barrier islands, lagoons, tidal flats |
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What are marine environments for sedimentary rocks? |
Coral reefs, continental shelf, continental slope and rise |
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What is a sedimentary environment? |
Geographic setting where sediment is accumulating |
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What are continental sedimentary environments? |
Alluvial fan, fluvial river, lacustrine, deserts, glacial, swamp, evaporative lake |
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What are transitional environments for sedimentary rocks? |
Deltas, beaches and barrier islands, lagoons, tidal flats |
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What are marine environments for sedimentary rocks? |
Coral reefs, continental shelf, continental slope and rise |
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What are sedimentary facies? |
Changes in past environments can be seen when a single layer of sedimentary rock is traced laterally |
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Describe a high energy environment |
Waves/ currents, larger grain sizes, well-sorted to poor-sorting depending on transportation, rounded grains |
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Describe a high energy environment |
Waves/ currents, larger grain sizes, well-sorted to poor-sorting depending on transportation, rounded grains |
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Describe a low energy environment |
Small grain sizes, generally well sorted, quiet water for fine clays/ silts to settle, high mud content |
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Describe a high energy environment |
Waves/ currents, larger grain sizes, well-sorted to poor-sorting depending on transportation, rounded grains |
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Describe a low energy environment |
Small grain sizes, generally well sorted, quiet water for fine clays/ silts to settle, high mud content |
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What is the most common and characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks |
Strata or beds |
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What is an example of low energy environments |
Lakes, swamps, lagoon,evaporitic lake |
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What are examples of high energy environments? |
Fluvial, delta, alluvial fan, beach, reef, glacial |
